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Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Period 2
Politics
Drafting Constitution
Representation:
- Madison's VA plan: proportional
representation
- NJ plan: equal representation
- Great Compromise: bicameral legislature
Slavery (should they count in state populations?):
- slave trade only allowed until 1808
- Three Fifths Compromise
Trade:
- Commercial Compromise: Congress could
regulate interstate and foreign trade
Executive Power:
- 4 year terms
- can veto acts of Congress
-
First Two-Party System:
- Federalists: growth of
federal power
- Democrat-Republicans: state's rights
Farewell Address:
- avoid national debt
- no permanent alliances
- no political parties
- no sectionalism
XYZ Affair:
- trouble regarding French
revolution
- French warships stole
American merchant ships
- Adams sent delegates to
negotiate but French ministers
requested bribes
- Americans refused
- some Americans wanted war
Alien and Sedition Acts:
- Federalists had a majority
in both houses and used their
power to limit Democrat-Republicans
- Alien Act: allowed the President to
deport aliens considered dangerous
- Sedition Act: made it illegal for
newspapers to criticize Congress or
the president
KY and VA Resolutions:
- Written by Democrat-Republicans
- If the federal gov't passed unconstitutional
legislature, the states could nullify federal laws
Revolution
First Continental Congress:
- created after Intolerable Acts
- each colony sent delegates
- Radicals: Patrick Henry, Samuel
Adams, and John Adams
- Conservative (somewhat loyalist):
John Jay, Joseph Galloway
Suffolk Resolves:
- called for immediate repeal
of Intolerable Acts
- boycotts for resistance
Declaration of Resolves:
- urged the king to redress
colonial grievances and
restore colonial rights
Battles
Lexington and Concord (1775):
- British troops went to Concord
- Paul Revere and William Dawes,
the militia of Lexington, assembled
to face the British
- British were destroyed
Bunker Hill:
- fought on outskirts of Boston
- American victory
1775-1777 were hard for the Americans:
- hunger and harsh winters
- poorly trained army
- Saratoga was the turning point bc of
alliance w/ France
Victory:
- Battle of Yorktown
- Treaty of Paris - peace treaty to
recognize American colonies as free
Second Continental Congress:
- Olive Branch Petition: last ditch
effort for peace - dismissed
- Common Sense - pamphlet
advocating for freedom
Declaration of Independence:
- Created by Richard Henry Lee
- resolution for colonies to be independent
- all men are created equal, life, liberty,
and pursuit of happiness
Post Revolutionary War
State governments:
- ten colonies wrote state
constitutions approved by
state legislatures
- list of basic human rights
- all white males w/ property should
be able to vote
- separation of powers: executive,
legislative, and judicial
AOC:
- drafted by John Dickinson
- adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781
- one body gov't
- unicameral legislature
- each state had one vote, 9/13 votes
required
Problems:
- Congress had no power
to collect taxes to pay war debts
- Foreign countries had little
respect for a federal gov't with
virtually no power
- Shay's Rebellion: poor farmers
protested high taxes, imprisonment
of debtors, and lack of paper $,
tried to seize weapons from
Massachusetts militia
Anapolis Convention:
- Conference held by Washington
in VA
- only 5 states sent representatives
- response to foreign problems
and competition btwn colonies
Constitutional Convention:
- delegates sent to Philadelphia to
discuss AoC
- all educated white men
- Washington, Franklin, Madison, and
Hamilton were key leaders
Conflict with GB
Seven Years War:
- War btwn England and
France for ctrl of colonies
- Britain won, became the
dominant power
- they saw the colonies as
lazy, as they refused to pay
for war or contribute troops
Proclamation of 1763:
- end of salutary neglect
- kept colonists west of
Appalacians to stop conflict
with Indians
- After Pontiac's Rebellion
British response:
- to make the colonists
pay for their share
Stamp Act:
- required revenue stamps for
printed paper
- Sons and Daughters of liberty
spoke out, no taxation w/o representation
- boycotts were organized
- Virginia Resolves, no taxation w/o representation
Declatory Act:
- Stamp Act was repealed but Britain
said they could tax the colonies at any time
Sugar Act:
- goal was to stop smuggling
- raise money for British crown
Townshend Acts:
- duties collected on tea, glass,
and paper
- direct tax on consumer goods,
frustrated colonists
Circular Letter:
- passed by James Otis and
Samuel Adams
- petition to Parliament to repeal
the Townshend Acts
Tea Act:
- made British Tea cheaper
- raised money for British East India Company
- colonists were still mad bc of British power to tax
Boston Tea Party:
- dumped British tea
overseas in protest
Intolerable Acts:
- 1). Boston port closed
- 2). power of Massachusetts gov't
reduced
- 3). criminals tried in GB instead of
the US
- 4). Quartering Act