julia Melendrez
pd.5
reproductive system
anatomy of the male
primaries: testes and sperm secondary: epididymis, ducts of defense and urethra
tunica albuginea: capsule surrounding the testes septum: extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis
male produce and disseminate large quantity of gamete
anatomy of the female
accessory organs: prepare of implantation and prepares of developing offspring during pregnancy 2. delivery of the fetus during child birth
3.nurturs the body after birth
uterine tube: receive the ovulated oocyte- provide site for fertilization fimbriae: receive the oocyte from the ovary broad ligament: attached to the pelvis round ligament: anchor interiorly uterosacral ligament : anchor posteriorly
inner medulla: contains loose connective tissue with large blood vessels suspensory ligaments: secures to lateral walls
ovarian ligament: attach ovary
board ligament: encloses suspensory ligament
primary female sex organ: ovaries
secondary: uterine, uterus , vagina
endometrium: inner layer: allows for implantation myometrium: middle layer of smooth muscle perimetrium: outer visceral peritoneum hymen : membrane that partially closes the vigina opening
production of the female gamete and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
hormones
female hormone
male hormone
disorders of the reproductive system
prostate disorder: 2nd most common in men: cancer in the prostate
able to produce sperm and deliver it to the egg
cells: Sertoli cells: provide nutrients and supportive functions interstitial cells: found surrounding seminiferous
head: contains nucleus with DNA inside
acrosome: anterior portion of head contains enzyme
midpiece: contains mitochondria that provide energy
flagella: only human cell with a tail
epididymis: the epididymis matures and stores sperm cells
vas deferens: carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct spermatic cord: made up ducts deferens
vasectomy: cutting off the ducts defense to prevent transportation of sperm
urethra: carries sperm and urine sperm comes from the ejaculatory duct seminal vesicle: contains fructose, vitamin C and other substance that nourish and activates sperm prostate gland: secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm bulbourethral gland: located base of penis lubricates penis for penetration just before ejaculation pre-ejaculate cleanse neutralizes the traces of acidic urine
regions: Root: attached to the body wall shaft: free, moveable portion of penis glans penis: contains the urethral opening prepuce: fold cuff of skin around proximal and end circumcision
luteinizing hormone(LH): stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
follicle stimulating hormone(FSH): sperm production and maturation and inhibin
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH): released by hypothalamus to relase FSH and LH
the testosterone increases bone density and bone marrow to manufacture red blood cells
causes of reproduction of the number of sperm: stress higher attitude
-radiation
-sexual abstinence
gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) reloaded by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone( FSH) stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
luteinizing hormone(LLH): spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle
ovarian cycle: follicular phase: 1-14 day from beginning of mensuration until ovulation ovulation;day14 triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increases luteal phase: day 15-28: follicle expels the oocyte the empty shell becomes corpus mensuration: day 15: decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries days 6-14 estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium day 15-28: uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
menopause: mensural cycle