julia Melendrez
pd.5
reproductive system

anatomy of the male

primaries: testes and sperm secondary: epididymis, ducts of defense and urethra

tunica albuginea: capsule surrounding the testes septum: extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis

male produce and disseminate large quantity of gamete

anatomy of the female

accessory organs: prepare of implantation and prepares of developing offspring during pregnancy 2. delivery of the fetus during child birth
3.nurturs the body after birth

uterine tube: receive the ovulated oocyte- provide site for fertilization fimbriae: receive the oocyte from the ovary broad ligament: attached to the pelvis round ligament: anchor interiorly uterosacral ligament : anchor posteriorly

inner medulla: contains loose connective tissue with large blood vessels suspensory ligaments: secures to lateral walls
ovarian ligament: attach ovary
board ligament: encloses suspensory ligament

primary female sex organ: ovaries
secondary: uterine, uterus , vagina

endometrium: inner layer: allows for implantation myometrium: middle layer of smooth muscle perimetrium: outer visceral peritoneum hymen : membrane that partially closes the vigina opening

production of the female gamete and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy

hormones

female hormone

male hormone

disorders of the reproductive system

prostate disorder: 2nd most common in men: cancer in the prostate

able to produce sperm and deliver it to the egg

cells: Sertoli cells: provide nutrients and supportive functions interstitial cells: found surrounding seminiferous

head: contains nucleus with DNA inside
acrosome: anterior portion of head contains enzyme
midpiece: contains mitochondria that provide energy
flagella: only human cell with a tail
epididymis: the epididymis matures and stores sperm cells
vas deferens: carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct spermatic cord: made up ducts deferens
vasectomy: cutting off the ducts defense to prevent transportation of sperm

urethra: carries sperm and urine sperm comes from the ejaculatory duct seminal vesicle: contains fructose, vitamin C and other substance that nourish and activates sperm prostate gland: secretes a milky fluid that helps activate sperm bulbourethral gland: located base of penis lubricates penis for penetration just before ejaculation pre-ejaculate cleanse neutralizes the traces of acidic urine

regions: Root: attached to the body wall shaft: free, moveable portion of penis glans penis: contains the urethral opening prepuce: fold cuff of skin around proximal and end circumcision

luteinizing hormone(LH): stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone

follicle stimulating hormone(FSH): sperm production and maturation and inhibin

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH): released by hypothalamus to relase FSH and LH

the testosterone increases bone density and bone marrow to manufacture red blood cells

causes of reproduction of the number of sperm: stress higher attitude
-radiation
-sexual abstinence

gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) reloaded by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone( FSH) stimulates the development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle

luteinizing hormone(LLH): spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle

ovarian cycle: follicular phase: 1-14 day from beginning of mensuration until ovulation ovulation;day14 triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increases luteal phase: day 15-28: follicle expels the oocyte the empty shell becomes corpus mensuration: day 15: decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries days 6-14 estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium day 15-28: uterus becomes ready for pregnancy

menopause: mensural cycle