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Reproductive Emerson Brown Period 4 (Hormones (Luteinizing Hormone: This…
Reproductive Emerson Brown Period 4
Major Functions
Production of egg and sperm cells
Complete fertilization
Mature developing offspring
Produce Hormones
Develop sex characteristics
Anatomy
Female
Ovaries
produces eggs
produces estrogen and progesterone
Uterine Tubes
site of fertilization
helps sperm travel to egg
Uterus
nurtures fertilized ovum
wall of uterus sheds monthly during menstrual cycle
4.Vagina
connects uterus to cervix
allows menstruation, intercourse, and birth to occur
Cervix
directs sperm to uterus
allows the flow of blood from uterus and out through vagina
Labia
majora: projects and covers inner structures of the vulva
minora: projects the clitoris, urinary, and vaginal offices
Male
Penis
conduit for urine to leave body
erectile and ejaculatory functions
male sex organ
Scrotum
contains the testes
acts as protection
regulates temprature
Testes
male gonads
produce sperm
secretes hormones
Epididymis
transports and stores sperm
matures sperm
Vas Deferens
transports mature sperm to urethera
prepares for ejaculation
Seminal Vesicles
produces semen
expels semen into ejaculatory duct
Urethera
ejaculates semen once orgasm is reached
Hormones
Luteinizing Hormone: This hormone triggers ovulation and the production of testosterone
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: This hormone regulates the growth, development, and maturation of the reproductive processes
Progesterone: This hormone is involved with pregnancy, menstruation, etc.
Testosterone: Involved with the development of the testes and prostate and helps with the growth of secondary sex characteristics (hair growth and muscle mass)
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone: releases FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
Estrogen: The primary female sex hormone and is responsible for the development of female sex characteristics
Inhibin: inhibits the release of FSH and is secreted by the gonads
Events of Female Hormonal Cycles (Ovarian Cycle
Follicular Phase (Days 1-14): vesicular follicles begin to grow in ovaries and FSH is secreted; the dominant follicle is selected and the foundation for ovulation is set
Ovulation: the ovary wall ruptures and expels a secondary oocyte into the peritoneal cavity; This stage differs whether or not fertilization occurs
Luteal Phase (Days 14-28): ruptured follicle collapses and blood fills the antrum with blood (when pregnancy does not occur); if a pregnancy does occur the corpus luteum persists until the placenta can take over
Menstrual Cycle
Proliferation Phase (Days 5-14): rebuilding the uterine wall; ovulation occurs at the end
Secretory Phase (15-28): This stage prepares for an embryo and remains constant
Menstrual Phase (Days 0-4): The uterus sheds bleeding occurs, and low levels of hormones are produced
Disorders
Testicular Cancer
1 in every 40,000 men each year
testicular cells become malignant in one or both testicles
two main types
symptoms:swelling
treated with chemotherapy
Prostate Cancer
third most common cause of cancer death in men
many men die with it rather than from it
ranges from slow-growing to highly aggressive
Treated with radiation therapy and surgery
Erectile Dysfunction
inability to attain erection
Cervical Cancer
450,000 women worldwide (30-50 years)
risk factors: multiple pregnancies, STIs, and cervical inflammation
tested with a pap smear which is recommended for women 21-65
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
caused by severe inflammation
scars uterine tubes
major cause of infertility