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How did World War 1 lead to the breaking up of the Ottoman empire?…
How did World War 1 lead to the breaking up of the Ottoman empire?
KEY:
English= purple, History= blue, Geography=pink
Ottoman representatives tentatively approached the British for possibilities for peace, Britain was hesitant as it wished to gain more control of the region than it had promised to its other allies, such as France
Terms
the opening of the Dardanelle and Bosporus straits to Allied warships and its forts to military occupation
the demobilisation of the Ottoman army
the release of all prisoners of war
the evacuation of its Arab provinces.
Lebanon and Syria be overseen by France
Mesopotamia come under Britain administration
The First Balkan War was fought between the members of the Balkan League-Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire quickly lost.
The Republic of Turkey emerged in 1923.
The Kingdom of Iraq was formed in 1932
Palestine would have an international administration
The Sykes-Picot Agreement or Asia Minor Agreement, (19th May 1916) was a secret agreement between Britain, France with Russia for the partition of the Ottoman Empire.
Negotiations began November 1915. The chief negotiators from Britain and France, Sir Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot along with Sergey Dimitriyevich Sazonov to represent Russia.
Terms
(1) Russia should acquire the Armenian provinces of Erzurum, Trebizond (Trabzon), Van, and Bitlis, with some Kurdish territory to the southeast
(2) France should acquire Lebanon and the Syrian littoral, Adana, Cilicia, and the hinterland adjacent to Russia’s share, that hinterland including Aintab, Urfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır, and Mosul
(3) Great Britain should acquire southern Mesopotamia, including Baghdad, and also the Mediterranean ports of Haifa and ʿAkko (Acre)
(4) between the French and the British acquisitions there should be a confederation of Arab states or a single independent Arab state, divided into French and British spheres of influence
(5) Alexandretta (İskenderun) should be a free port
(6) Palestine, because of the holy places, should be under an international regim
Constantinople/Straits/Istanbul Agreement was a secret agreement on March 18, 1915, between Russia, Britain, and France for the territories of the Ottoman Empire
Terms
Russia gained control of Constantinople (Istanbul), however, was to be a free port.
British and French split territories for of influence in new Muslim states in the Middle Eastern parts of the Ottoman Empire.
After the Arab revolt of 1916 left the Ottoman Empire in economic crisis and pushed the Ottoman Empire agreed to an armistice
The point of view of Rukiye Sabiha sultan (the daughter of the last Ottoman Sultan-Sultan Mehmed VI)
Rukiye Sabiha sultan’s betrothal to Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was surrender in favor of her cousin Prince Ömer Faruk Efendi so she missing her chance of becoming the first "First Lady" of the nascent Turkish Republic. And so she is bitter and regretful.
Prince Ömer Faruk Efendi married her on 29 April 1920 in the Yıldız Palace, they then got a divorce in January 1948. She never loved him and their marriage was a failed political agreement.
3 March 1924, Rukiye with her husband and children were deported and moved to Nice, 2 year after her father died so she is still in mourning
The diary entry is written in 1924 when Rukiye Sabiha sultan was recently moved to Nice whilst she was still mourning her father. She regrets marrying Ömer Faruk Efendi.
