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Reproductive System Hayle Moran P.1 (Anatomy of Male and Female…
Reproductive System Hayle Moran P.1
Major Functions of Reproductive System
Sexual Reproduction
: involving two parents (male and female)
Male Reproduction
: functions to produce a large quantity of male gamete
Reproduction
: process by which new individuals (offspring) of a species is produced by parents
Conception
: the point where the egg is fertilized by the sperm
Female Reproduction
: functions in reproduction of female gamete and preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
Fertilization
: fusion of egg and sperm that produces a zygote
Anatomy of Male and Female Reproductive Structures & Their Functions
Seminal Vesicle
: contains fructose, vitamin C and other substances that nourish and activate the sperm
Bulbourethral Gland
: it is also called the Cowper's Gland, it adds fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation
Van Deferens
: it carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Urethra
: it connects the urinary bladder to the penis it also serves as a conduit for semen and sperm during intercourse
Prostate gland:
it secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm and the prostate squeezes this fluid into the urethra and it's expelled with sperm as semen.
Epididymis
: comma-shaped tightly coiled tube which functions to mature and store sperm
Scrotum
: small, muscular sac that contains and protects the testicles, blood vessels, and part of the spermatic cord.
Semen
: white sticky milky mixture of secretions from many glands. It also provides transport for sperm
Penis:
tubular organ which distal portion of urethra passes, it also delivers urine to exterior and delivers semen into the female tract.
Female
:
Sperm
: male gamete
Ovaries
: primary female sex organ
Testes
: primary sex organ
Ductus System
: delivery of female gamete
Male:
Uterine (Fallopian) Tube
: it receives the ovulated ooctye and also provides a site for fertilization, it does not exactly connect to the ovary and is supported by the broad ligament
Uterus
: Receive a fertilized egg. Retain the fertilized egg. Nourishes the fertilized egg.
Vagina
: Used as a birth canal and it receives the penis during sexual intercourse.
Labia
: Skin folds around the vaginal opening.
Vestibule
: Area is enclosed by labia majora which contains the opening to the urethra and greater vestibular gland or bartholin’s gland
Clitoris
: Contains erectile tissue and corresponds to the male penis and can become engorged with blood during sexual stimulation.
Mammary glands:
Stimulated by sex hormones mostly estrogen to increase in size for females. Estrogen causes development of glands & fat. Functions to produce milk during pregnancy
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Female
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone:
Released by hypothalamus in brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Inhibin
: Released by testes when high levels of testerone are present to stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone to STOP production of LH and FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone:
Development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Testerone
: Stimulates reproductive organ development and sex drive
Luteininzing Hormone
: Spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of most mature follicle (only 1)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone:
Released by hypothalamus on brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Inhibin
: Decrease release of FSH by anterior pituiatry gland
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
: at puberty stimulate sertoli cells for sperm productions and maturation & inhibin
Estrogen
: Primary female sex hormone released by follicle. It stimulated growth of uterus, vaginal and necessary for ovum maturation
Leutinizing Hormone
: Stimulates seminiferous tubules to secrete testerone
Progesterone
: Suppression of hypothalamus from releasing GnRH which stimulates development and growth of lining of uterine wall to get ready for implantation
Male
Events of the Hormonal Cycle
Ovulation
: Its triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady increase in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
Follicular Phase
: Day 1-14 and is the beginning of menstruation cycle into ovulation. It causes follicular cells to develop into the primary follicle which only one
Uterine (Mensturation):
Prepare the uterus for implantation of fertilized ovum
Ovarian Cycle
: Occurs in ovaries leading to maturation and ovulation
Disorders of the Reproductive System
Male infertility
- any health issue in a man that lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant. Due to problems with his sperm production or with sperm delivery.
Testicular cancer
- cancer in the male organs that make male hormones and sperm (testicles).
Prostatitis
- swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland situated directly below the bladder in men.
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- zygote has the incorrect number of chromosomes, it may never start growing.
Prostate cancer-
2nd most common cancer among men (1st is skin cancer).
Sexually transmitted disease
- an infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Ovarian cancer-
begins in the female organs that produce eggs (ovaries).
Cervical cancer-
a malignant tumor of the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus.
HIV/AIDS
- virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.