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L15&16 Diseases of the oral cavity and the oesophagus - Dr Smitha…

- - - - Inflammation
        
        Clinical signs
        
        Classification
        
        Macroscopic appearance
        
        Erosive and ulcerative stomatidities
        
        Metabolic
        
        Uraemia (uraemic glossitis)
        
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        Vitamin C deficiency
        
        Other causes
        
        Photosensitization
        
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        Upper alimentary ulcerative syndrome
        
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        NSAID toxicity
        
        Viral causes
        
        Rinderpest (exotic) – ruminants and pigs
        
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        Malignant catarrhal fever
        
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        Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) - mucosal disease
        
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        Blue tongue
        
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        Erosions: partial loss of epithelium, forming a shallow indentation
        
        Ulcers: full thickness loss of epithelium forming a deep indentation
        
        Necrosis: death of cells
        
        Papular stomatidities
        
        Bovine popular stomatitis
        
        Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
        
        The muzzle is swollen and red. Ulcers are present at the mucocutaneous junctions in the lamb.
        
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        Papule: a raised flat topped solid lesion
        
        Idiopathic stomatidities
        
        Eosinophilic stomatitis (Oral eosinophilic granuloma, rodent ulcer)
        
        The lips are markedly thickened and the overlying mucosa is ulcerated.
        
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        Severe ulceration of the hard/soft palate and the margins of the lips.
        
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        Feline lympho-plasmacytic stomatitis.
        
        Deep stomatidities
        
        Necrotising stomatitis
        
        Calf diphtheria (Oral necrobacillosis)
        
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        Actinobacillosis - wooden tongue
        
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        Actinomycosis– lumpy jaw
        
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        Granulomatous stomatitis
        
        Foreign body granulomas
        
        Granuloma: collection of macrophages often surrounding a necrotic centre (inflammation)
        
        Vesicular stomatidities
        
        Vesicular exanthema (exotic)
        
        Caused by a calicivirus
        
        Causes vesicular disease in pigs
        
        Last identified in pigs in the Midwest USA in the 1950’s
        
        Similarities to San Miguel sealion virus
        
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        Vesicular stomatitis (exotic)
        
        Auto immune diseases
        
        • Pemphigus vulgaris
        
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        Foot and mouth disease (FMD) (exotic)
        
        Photo irritation
        
        Swine vesicular disease (exotic)
        
        Vesicle: a thin walled, raised, fluid-filled lesion
        
        Viral Vesicular stomatidities
        
        Cause
        
        • Infectious agents
        • Trauma
        • Chemical injury
        • Auto-immune
        • Systemic disease
        • Idiopathic
        
        Microscopic appearance
        
        Terms
        • Stomatitis = oral cavity
        • Cheilitis = lips
        • Pharyngitis = pharynx
        • Glossitis = tongue
        • Tonsillitis = tonsils
        • Gingivitis = gingiva
    - - (secretion, absorption and motility)
    - - normal
        
        smooth, shiny and pink
      - abnormal
        
        Red=inflammation (hyperaemia)
        
        Yellow=jaundice
        
        White=anaemia
        
        Blue/purple=cyanosis
  - - - Partofhard palateandallofsoftpalatehavefailedtofusetogether during embryogenesis. Direct communication between oral and nasalcavities.
    - - Abnormalities in the number of teeth
        
        Abnormalities in the position of teeth
        
        Enamel hypoplasia
        
        Odontodystrophies
        – Calcium and phosphorus deficiency
        – Fluorosis, lead and silver poisoning
        
        Plaque and calculus
        
        Tooth abscess
    - - – Brachygnathia inferior (short mandible) Overshot
        – Brachygnathia superior (short maxilla) Undershot
        – Prognathia inferior (long mandible)
        – Prognathia superior (long maxilla)
        – Agnathia (absence of mandible)
        
        Brachygnathia inferior
        
        Brachygnathia superior
    - - – Palatoschisis ( cleft palate)
        – Cheiloschisis (hare lip/cleft lips)