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C5:MOTIVATION (EARLY VIEWS OF MOTIVATION (c) Process-Based Models (EQUITY…

- - - - 5 level of needs:
        a) Physiological needs
        
        Managers who focus on physiological needs
        assume that people who work mainly for money & are primarily concerned with comfort and their rate of pay.
        
        b) Safety/Security needs
        
        Mangers emphasizes rules,job security and fringe benefits
        
        c) Social/ Affiliation needs
        
        Individuals value their work as an opportunity for finding and estanlishing friendly interpersonal relationship.
        
        d) Esteem needs
        
        Managers who focus on esteem needs try to foster employees' pride in their work and use public rewards and recognition for services.
        
        e) Self-Actualization needs
        
        Managers who emphasize self-actualization may involve employees in designing jobs or make special assignments that capitalize on employees' unqiue skills
    - - a) Motivator factors
        
        Related to job content or what people actually do in their work. For example: Achievement,recognition, advancement,responsibility and so on
      - B) Hygiene factors
        
        Associated with the job context in which their job is performed.
        For example: Salary,supervision, interpersonal relationship and company policy & administration
  - - - How to make comparison?
        1) Self-inside
        2) Self-outside
        3) Other-inside
        4) Other-outside
        
        Outcome:
        A) Under-rewarded (Inequity)
        B) Equity
        C) Over-rewarded (Inequity
      - Maintaining Equity:
        
        Change inputs
        
        Change outcomes
        
        Distort comparisons
        
        Change the comparison
        
        Quit the job
    - - INCREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR
        
        Positive Reinforcement
        
        The administration of positive and rewarding consequences following a desired behavior
        
        Negative Reinforcement
        
        Called avoidance learning,strengthens desired behavior by allowing escape from an undesirable consequences
      - DECREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR
        
        Extinction
        
        The withdrawal of the positive reward or reinforcing consequences for an undesirable behavior.
        
        Punishment
        
        The administrator of negative consequences following undesirable behavior