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Cultural Diversity (Definitions (cultural assimilation - process that…
Cultural Diversity
Definitions
cultural assimilation
- process that occurs when a minority group living in a dominant group loses the cultural characteristics that made it different
cultural blindness
- process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as though the differences do not exist
cultural imposition
- tendency to impose ones beliefs, practices, and values, on another culture because they believe their ideas are superior to those of another person or group
culture conflict
- situation that occurs when people become aware of differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values
culture shock
- usually negative feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture
ethnocentrism
- belief that one's own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one's cultural norms as the standard to evaluate others' beliefs
culture relativity
- the ways in which cultures relate differently to given situations
Learning Objectives
define concepts of cultural diversity
see definitions
explain why the study of culture is included in nursing curriculum
cultural influences on health care
Physiologic - race/ethnic prone to certain disease
Psychological - stigma around seeking mental health care in some cultures
reaction to pain - look for other signs, not everyone will speak up about being in pain
Mental health
gender roles - man dominant, some cultures don't allow woman to make decisions
language/communication - always use a translation line or certified staff
orientation to space/time - not everyone will want to be touched (ask first, eye contact not always good
Food/nutrition - preferences differ in each culture
family support/birth - different views/beliefs
socioeconomic factors
religion/spirituality
death/grieving - responses very
define cultural competence
complex and interacting combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills
developing self-awareness of one's own existence, thoughts, and environment w/o letting it have an undue influence on others
accepting and respecting differences and adapting care to be congruent with culture
Have i ASKED myself the right questions?
A - awareness; am i aware of personal bias/prejudices
S - skill; do i have the skill to conduct a cultural assessment
K - Knowledge; do I have the knowledge of the patient's world view
E - encounters: how many face-to-face encounters have I hd with diverse patients
D - desire: what is my genuine desire to want to be culturally competent
describe characteristics of cultural sensitivity
identify specific skills relevant to becoming culturally competent
self-awaareness
knowledge of other cultures -- learn from patients, ask questions
active listening
accommodate cultural practices in healthcare (modify care, diet if possible fit patient's needs
knowledge of available multicultural resources; seek cultural assistance
Respect culturally based family roles (who is in charge - learn from patient directly)
avoid mandating change (allow what you can as long as it does not harm patient
knowledge of alternative therapies, herbs, acupuncture, therapeutic touch
examine barriers to the development of cultural competence
work environment
limited staff diversity
limited cultural knowledge/ignorance
miscommunication
isms, stereotyping, ethnocentrism
Nursing Assessment
open-ended interviewing - identification of language differences b/w nurse and pt
Patient Education
Factors Affecting
age/developmental level
support system
financial resources
cultural/ethnic influences
language
literacy skills
health literacy
Definitions
andragogy
- the study of teaching adults
cognitive learning
- storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain
pedagogy
- science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents
psychomotor learning
- acquisition of physical skills
teaching
- planned method to help someone learn
learning
- process of acquiring knowledge
Learning Outcomes
describe teaching-learning process
discuss teaching strategies
Role Playing
Discussion
demonstration
AV materials
web-based materials
printed materials
explain how the steps of the nursing process are implemented r/t teaching-learning process
ASSESS
assess patient, family, SO, support system, finances, culture, language
baseline vs required knowledge, attitudes and skills
readiness, ability, and motivation to learn
learning strengths (education and reading level)
DIAGNOSE
"deficient knowledge", "ineffective health maintenance", "noncompliance", "self-care deficit"
OUTCOMES/GOALS
must include patient participation
goals must be measurable and have a time frame (short term and long terrm
IMPLEMENT
interpersonal skills, effective communication techniques, prioritize, flexibility, patient involvement, non-threatening atmosphere, appropriate environment,
EVALUATE
proof/feedback of learning
evaluate goals/ outcomes - if they were met
direct questions
return demonstration
observations
positive reinforcement
revise plan if not working
evaluate teaching
REINFORCE
DOCUMENT
explain what should be included in the documentation of the teaching-learning process
Nursing Considerations
Effective communication - using simple words the patient can understand -- active LISTENING
Learning domains
cognitive
learning, storing, and recalling new knowledge; i.e. the patient can verbalize side effects
psychomotor/kinesthetic
integration of mental and muscular activity; i.e. the patient can demonstrate a skill
affective
changes in attitudes, values, and feelings; i.e. patient has self-confidences, less axniety