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Infective Diarrhoea (Aetiology (Viral (Norovirus - most common among…
Infective Diarrhoea
Aetiology
Adults - noronvirus, campylobacter
Viral
Norovirus - most common among adults and 10% all children cases, associated with: cruises, hospitals, restaurants (close proximity of people)
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Children - rotavirus (leading cause of diarrhoea illness in young children, affects nearly all children by age 4)
Bacterial causes
More common with children: E.coli, salmonella, shigella spp.
Antibiotic associated:
- Antibiotic rule of Cs
- Give rise to antibiotic induced Clostridium difficult diarrhoea
- Clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, cephalosporins
Campylobacter jejune - most common cause of bacteria diarrhoea, associated with poultry
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Clinical Presentation
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Viral causes - fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain
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Diarrhoea
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Salmonella, E.coli and shigella ALL cause bloody STOOLS
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Differential Diagnosis
Pancreatic insufficiency, short bowel syndrome, coeliac disease
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Appendicitis, volvulus, IBD, UTI, diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis
Stools
Stool culture if suspect bacteria, parasites or C.diff toxin
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Blood
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Raised ESR and CRP indicate infection, Crohn's, UC or cancer
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