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Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction (Cell Reproduction characteristics (2…
Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Cell Reproduction
characteristics
2 trillion cells are produced every day.
Reproduce by cell division
Functions: Growth, development, repair, formation of gamates
Cell Reproduction:
Types
Asexual
No formation of gametes
Individuals are gentically identical i.e. clone
Involves mitotic division
Sexual
Two parents
Involves meiosis
Formation of gametes
Types of cell division
Meiosis: process that produce sex cells.
Binary fission
Process by which the bacterias reproduce
One cell get split in two, creating 2 cells.
Mitosis: process that produces non-sex cells.
Chromosomes, histones and DNA
Chromosomes
Structure of chromosomes
Homologous: ones similar in size, shape and genetic content
Type of cells:
Gametes: haploid because they have 23 chromosomes.
Somatic: diploid because have 2 sets of 23 chromosomes
Karyotype
Sex chromosomes
Down syndrome: Condition in which there is an extra copy on chromosome 23. It is called trisomy 21. Mother over 45 years, yhe probilitiy to happen is 1 in 46 births.
Autosomes
Prenatal testing: Sample of the amniotic fluid is taken, which contain cell from the fetus. With these cells, we make a kayotipe and analyze presence of abnormalities.