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Public Order (Power of the state (via police) to control and restrict the…

- - - - s11 - notice requirements for processions
      - s12 - conditions upon processions
      - s13 - banning of processions
      - s14 - conditions upon assemblies
      - s14A - trespassory assemblies
  - - - R v Howell (1982)
      - Beatty v Gillbanks (1882)
      - Laporte (2004)
      - Redmond-Bate (2000)
      - Austin (2009)
- - - - Common law developed in anticipation of HRA 1998 - protests now considered lawful use of highway
    - - Any interference with these rights therefore needs to not just be reasonable and necessary, but proportionate too
      - s6 HRA 1998 - Police (as a PA) under legal obligation to comply with Convention rights such as Arts 10 and 11 - relevant for policing protests
      - Arts 10 (Expression) and 11 (Assembly and association) particularly relevant here
      - Cases like Haw (2002) Samede (2012) and Austin (2009) explore extent and limitation of these rights
    - - Historically no positive right, protests deemed not a lawful use of the highway. Peaceful protest usually tolerated by the state though. Crime and Civil laws could be used to prevent ability to protest
        
        Obstruction of the Highway
        
        Nuisance, Trespass