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COLLECTING QUALITATIVE DATA (Steps in Collecting Qualitative Data…
COLLECTING QUALITATIVE DATA
Steps in Collecting Qualitative Data
Conducting interviews or observations
Record information on self-designed protocols
Acquiring permissions
Identify research participants and site
Different Sampling Approaches to Selecting Participants and Sites
Purposeful Sampling
Theory of Concept Sampling
Homogenous Sampling
Typical Sampling
Critical sampling
Extreme Case Sampling
Opportunistic Sampling
Maximal Variation Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Confirming and Discomfirming Sampling
Field and Ethical Issues to be Avoided
Field Issues
Interviews: check if all the equipment are ready
Documents: anticipate the amount of time needed to deal with the documents
Observing: know your observational role (e.g. participant, non-participant
Audiovisual materials: make sure there are no issues with the audio or audio
Access: anticipate the amount of time it will take to recruit participants
Ethical Issues
Guidelines of an ethical practice
informing participants of the purpose of the study
collaborating with participants
refraining from deceptive practices
maintaining confidentiality
sharing information with participants (including your role as a researcher)
reciprocity: exchanging information with mutual benefits
being respectful of the research site
Procedures (Protocols) of Recording Data
An observational protocol: a form designed by the researcher before data collection that
is used for taking field-notes during an observation
a detailed portrait of an individual or individuals
a picture or map of the setting
researchers record a chronology of events
verbatim quotes of individuals
An interview protocol: a form designed by the researcher that contains instructions for the process of the interview, the questions to be asked, and space to take notes of responses from the interviewee
Types of Permissions Required for Qualitative Research
Gatekeepers:
An individual who has an official or unofficial role at the site,
Provides entrance to a site, helps researchers locate people
Assists in the identification of places to study
Institutional Review Board Approval
Developing a description of the project
Designing an
informed consent form
Seeking permission from the board
Having the project reviewed
Types of Qualitative Data to Collect
Observations
Documents
Interviews
Audiovisual materials