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C2G2 What are the trends and challenges in production of food (Trend…
C2G2 What are the trends and challenges in production of food
Trend factors
Physical
Climate
Rate of germination of seeds affected due to temp. :thermometer:
High rainfall increases number of harvests/year :rain_cloud:
Soil/drainage
Highly permeable(OATS) or low(RICE) suitable for crops
Soil fertility increases harvest volume
Relief
Slope & altitude--Cooler temp for crops & more nutrients washed away.
Terracing--- Making steps on mountains
Environmental
Purpose of farming
Substinence
Farming for survival, family labor
Farming for profit, heavily mechanised
Demand and capital
Changing food preferences (DEMAND)
More disposable income (CAPITAL)
Agribusiness
Large scale farming partnered with businesses
Research activities ensure better survival of crops to survive illnesses and can fall back on their credit reserves on times of disasters
Political
Governmental policy
Agricultural policies
Educate farmers on more efficient and productive methods of farming :tractor:
i.e. How to intensify and increase productivity
Food management policies
Stockpiling of goods for use in disasters and diversifying sources of food
ASEAN
Accelerate economic growth :money_mouth_face:
Agreements with other countries in case of disasters :tornado:
Technological
Green Revolution :four_leaf_clover:
High-Yielding Varieties
Cross breeding of crops
Increased resistance to pests
Faster growth rates
Produce twice as much crops
Fertilisers
Provide needed nutrients as soil nutrition decreases each harvest since no time for soil to fallow
HYV need more nutrients for maximum efficiency
Pesticides
Kills ravaging insects and animals
Increases crop production and yield
Irrigation
Increases arable land and increases crop production
Flood irrigation : Water for rice fields
Centre pivot irrigation : sprinkler systems rotating in circles, watering a large area with least water
Mechanisation
Increased efficiency
More advanced machinery for menial tasks
More crops can be produced with money spend on wages
Effects of Intensification
Waterlogging of the ground
Roots rot due to lack of air and too much moisture
Saturation of water
Salinisation
Water evaporates and leaves behind concentrated mineral salts
Kills plants due to high salt levels
Eutrophication
Nitrates and phosphates washed into the rivers
Algae blooms
Block sunlight
Kills all other life
Algae die to form necron mud
Measures to solve
Advanced water treatment
Educating the farmers
Why shortage?
Factors
Physical
Climate change
Shortens growing seasons
Making arable land unusable
Loss of glaciers providing irrigation water
Extreme weather events
Droughts reduce water supply
Cyclones flood farmlands
Pests
Carry diseases and ravage crops
Political
Civil Strife
Destruction of productive farmlands
Disputes over control of resources affecting food production
Poor Governance
Corruptions, policy error, ineffectiveness
Improper allocation of land results in less arable land
Economic
Rising demand for meat n dairy from LDC
Rising disposable incomes
Depleting global food inventories
Food shortages in poorer countries
Rising transport & fertiliser cost
Costs of food production increases
Transport prices rise
Food prices increase to sustain losses
Due to more farm machinery eating oil
Conversion of farmland to produce biofuel
More profitable
More efficient source of energy
Food wastage
Social
Lack of accessibility
Number and location of distributors
Shortage of shops in LDC
Inadequate logistics of distribution and storage
Physical barriers block delivery routes
Short supply increases reliance on imports
Lack of storage facilities
Rapid population growth in LDC