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Civil Society (China (In recent years the control mechanisms of the party…

- - - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKvxJ-Js3A
        
        In July 2009 riots broke out in Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang, in northwest China. The riots were sparked by Uyghur dissatisfaction with the Chinese central government’s handling of the deaths of two Uyghur workers during previous disruptions.
- - - - Protests began the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won nearly 63% of the vote, despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, with Rezaee and Mousavi lodging official complaints. Mousavi announced he "won't surrender to this manipulation", before lodging an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June
        
        https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/middleeast/14iran.html
  - - - Iran’s civic activism ranges from the work of independent labor unions to women’s rights groups to environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). “It’s not a minor part of the society,” says Laura Secor, an editor at the New York Times who has covered Iranian political activism. By Middle East standards, Iran’s civil society is highly developed. “Because of the reform movement in Iran, civil society plays a more active role than its counterparts in the Arab world,” says Hadi Ghaemi, an Iran expert at Human Rights Watch,
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKfVxoPO_Qc
- - - - As president, Vladimir Putin created a handful of youth movements
        to support the government. The largest is Nashi
        
        Nashi’s opponents deride the organization as a modern version of Komsomol, the youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Nashi receives grants from the government and large state-run businesses, so critics of the group see it as an arm of an increasingly authoritarian state.
        
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        Rumors of the death of Russia’s civil society have been greatly exaggerated. Coverage of Russia has increased in recent years, but it seldom focuses on its civil society. This oversight appears to be due in part to two prevailing narratives. The first narrative portrays the country’s populace as “a lemming-like society” with a “passive and dysfunctional” public eager to “submit” to the rule of a strong leader. The other holds that internal crackdowns, such as legislation that requires NGOs participating in “political activity” which also receive foreign funding to register as “foreign agents,” have largely smothered the emerging civil society that surfaced following the fall of the Soviet Union.
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiGh5mm_Zos
        
        https://www.intrac.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Briefing-Paper-37-Russian-civil-society-history-today-and-future-prospects-1.pdf
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_KKuy5A9CA
- - - - Founded by dissident Ken Saro-Wiwa in the 90s. MOSOP worked to apply national laws to secure financial benefits for the Ogoni in the Niger Delta and to hold foreign-operated oil companies to environmental standards
        
        The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), member of UNPO, has expressed its concerns towards the Nigerian authorities about the poor implementation of the cleanup of the region. MOSOP demanded an immediate provision of water and a comprehensive health audit on the people. Indiscriminate oil exploitation in the NIger Delta by multinational companies has led to disastrous environmental destruction.
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwb3yUaZlE8
    - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpJKAF-PilU
        
        https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=34987
- - - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Fb05gFal34
      - :smiley:
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8PRsG356qM
        
        The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television license fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organizations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up.[The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBC's radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the BBC World Service (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic and Persian.
      - An investigation into phone-hacking practices of major British tabloids led to the closing of one of Rupert Murdock’s most influential newspapers, The News of the World, in the summer of 2011. When it was discovered that the paper’s employees hacked the cell phone of a murdered 13-year-old, the scandal snowballed as it became apparent that phone hacking was a common practice among the tabloids. Even though David Cameron called for an investigation, his own credibility was questioned, since his former media chief, Andy Coulson, who had been an editor for the Murdock paper, was questioned and arrested by the police. The scandal escalated to include London’s Metropolitan Police, who were charged with failing for years to fully investigate phone hacking at The News of the World.
    - - Civil Society in UK Article Summary
        There is a long established base of civil society organizations in the UK including trade unions and charities. The teachers’ union movement has been active in the country for over a century. National Union of Teachers (NUT) is the largest teachers union; NASUWT is the other significant one. The make-up of charities is very diverse. Typically one will find charities catering to different aspects of the education system. In special needs, there are organizations such as TreeHouse Trust (autism), the British Dyslexia Association and the National Association for Special Educational Needs.
- - - - Social conditions in Mexico lie at the heart of the Chiapas rebellion that began in 1994. This poor southern Mexican state Uprising
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HAw8vqczJw
    - - before political changes of the 1990s, PRI controlled elections on the local, state, and national levels. voting rates were very high because the patron-client system required political support in exchange for political and economic favors