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CONDUCTOR AND INDUCTOR (CAPACITOR AND CAPACITANCE (Elements Related to…

- - - - Series Parallel
        
        Ltotal = L1 + ((L2 x L3)/(L2 + L3))
      - Parallel
        
        1/Ltotal = 1/L1 + 1/L2 + ... + 1/Ln
      - Series
        
        Ltotal = L1 + L2 + ... + Ln
    - - Some inductors have an adjustable core, which enables changing of the inductance
      - Core material with higher permeability that air confine the magnetic field closely to inductor, increase the inductance
      - Coil of conducting material, wrapped around a core either of air or ferrous material
    - - Variable
        
        Core Loss
      - Fixed
        
        Ferrite Core
        
        Iron Core
        
        Air Core
    - - Electromagnetic Induction - Production process magnetic from magnet
      - Electromagnet - Temporary magnet production due to flow of electric current
      - Inductance - Property of an electric circuit which an electromotive force is induced in it as a result of changing magnetic flux
      - Inductor, L (Unit - Henry) - Electrical component that producing a much stronger magnetic field that produced by a simple coil.
    - - Electromagnetic Induction
        
        Electromagnetic force ( e.m.f) induced in the conductor as a result of its movement across the magnetic field
      - Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
        
        Induced e.m.f is setup whenever the magnetic field linking that circuit changes
        
        The magnitude of induced e.m.f in any circuit is proprtional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linking the circuit
      - Mathematical Relationship between Induced e.m.f and the network
        
        e = -N ( dO/ dt )
        
        e - e.m.f , N- Number of turns of the coil, dO - Change of flux( Wb), dt - time taken for the flux changes (s)
      - Self Inductance and Induced e.m.f
        
        e.m.f induced in the same circuit as that in which the current is changing
        
        e = L ( di / dt )
        
        e- Induced e.m.f , L - Self inductance, di- change of current (Ampere), dt- time taken for the current to change (s)
      - Mathematical of Self Inductance
        
        L = (N^2 x Uo x Ur x A) / l
        
        N - Number of coils, L - Length of coil, A - Surface area, U - Permeability
      - Factors Influence Inductance
        
        The Number of Turns of Wire
        
        Higher turns, Higher the inductance
        
        Cross Sectional Area of Coil of Wire
        
        Higher cross-section, higher inductance
        
        Presence of Magnetic Core
        
        Sets up more concentrated magnetic field, increase inductance
        
        Way Turns Arranged
        
        Short tick of wire has a higher inductance rather than thin one
    - - RIse of Current
        
        Inductor connected to DC supply
        
        Current reach maximum value in a period of time cause by production e.m.f induced in inductor that against the supply voltage
        
        I = (Im)(1- e^(-Rt/L))
      - Decay of Current
        
        No supply voltage
        
        Current reduced to zero with a period of time
        
        I = (Im)(e^(-Rt/L))
      - Time Constant
        
        Time for current achieve maximum (Im) if this maintan the early promotion rate current
        
        Time Constant at Rise of Current
        
        Time taken for current of inductor achieve 63.2% from the maximum value (Im)
        
        t = L / R
        
        TIme Constant at Decay of Current
        
        TIme taken of current decay from maximum value(Im) to zero by 36.8 %
      - Energy Stored in Inductor
        
        Inductor posseses abilty to store energy
        
        E = 1/2 ( LI^2)
- - - - Polarized
        
        Aluminium
        
        Tantalum
      - Unpolarized
        
        Mica
        
        Seramic
        
        Film
        
        Air gap
        
        Paper
    - - Trimmer
  - - - 1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ... + 1/Cn
    - - CT = C1 + C2 + ... + Cn
    - - CT = C1//(C2 + C3)
  - - - Initial State, Vc = 0
      - Maxixmum current will flow, i = imax
      - Continue until full stated achieved (i=0, V=Vmax)
      - Current flow, i = imax(1-e^(-T/t))
      - Voltage through capacitor, Vc = Vmax(1 - e^(-T/t))
    - - Capacitor is full in charge
      - Time taken to recharge and fully discharge is 5t = CR
      - Voltage through capacitor, Vc = Vmax( e^(-T/t))
      - Discharge current flow, i = imax( e^(-T/t) )
    - - t = CR , time taken for voltage achieve value of 0.632Vmax and current achieve of value 0.371imax
      - Initial current, imax = V/R