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Reproductive System, Natalie Reyes, Period 4 (Hormones of the Reproductive…
Reproductive System, Natalie Reyes, Period 4
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
form specialized cells for sexual reproduction (gametes): sperm in males & ova in females
bring gametes from the male & female together; process of sexual intercourse delivers male gametes to female
combine genetic information contained within the male and female gametes (fertilization)
support the development of the fetus and birth of the baby
Anatomy of Male and Female Reproductive Systems & Functions
Male
Scrotum
help regulate temperature of testes
Testes
site of sperm production
Epididymus
sperm maturation site
Ductus Deferens
transports sperm during ejaculation
Urethra
transports urine & semen out of duct system
Penis
delivers sperm to female reproductive system
Prostate
encircles urethra & contributes to ejaculation
Seminal Glands
stores yellowish viscous alkaline fluid
Bulbo-Urethral Glands
produces thick clear mucus
Female
Uterus
hosts developing fetus
passes male sperm through fallopian tubes
Ovaries
produces & nourishes ova
produce & secrete estrogen/progesterone
Vagina
passageway for infant & menstrual flow
Mammary Glands
source of milk production
Uterine Tubes
receive ovulated oocyte
Hormones of the Reproductive System
Sex Hormones
Progesterone
secreted by ovaries; released during second half of menstrual cycle & prepares body for pregnancy in event of fertilization
Testosterone
produced by gonads; stimulates the development of male characteristics & initiates development of male reproductive system
Estrogen
secreted by ovaries; regulates menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy, & responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
released by pituitary gland; regulates functions of ovaries and testes, essential to puberty, & stimulates ovarian follicle growth
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
released from hypothalamus; indirectly stimulates testes/ovaries through effect on FDH & LH release
Lutenizing Hormone
produced by pituitary gland; regulates function of ovaries and testes & stimulates ovarian follicles
Inhibin
released from gonads; exert negative feedback on FSH from anterior pituitary
Events of Female Hormone Cycle
Follicular Phase
large vesicular follicles growing in ovary
dominant follicle chosen
prompted by hypothalamus & release of FSH from pituitary
Ovulation
ovary wall ruptures & expels secondary oocyte into peritoneal cavity
Luteal Phase
formation of corpus luteum
Menstruation
elimination of endometrium if fertilization does not occur
Disorders of the Reproductive System
Male
Testicular Cancer
risk factor- cryptorchidism (non-descent of testes)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
benign growth of stroma & glands
Prostate Cancer
slow-growing & occurs late in life
Erectile Dysfunction
inability to attain an erection
Female
Ectopic Pregnancy
oocyte fertilized in peritoneal cavity or distal portion of uterine tube
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
extremely severe inflammation in peritoneal cavity
Cervical Cancer
risk factor; cervical inflammations, STIs, multiple pregnancies
Uterus Prolapse
inferior sinking of the uterus until tip of cervix protrudes through external vaginal opening
Breast Cancer
arises from epithelial cells of smallest ducts