Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Reproductive System (Addie Stendal P4) (anatomy of the male reproductive…
Reproductive System (Addie Stendal P4)
major functions of the reproductive system
produce egg and sperm cells
nurture and develop offspring
produce hormones
anatomy of the female reproductive system + functions
uterus: nurture a fertilized ovum until it develops into a baby
uterine/fallopian tubes: transport sperm toward the egg; transport fertilized ovum to the uterus
ovary: produce oocytes + estrogen and progesteron
cervix: allow flow of menstrual blood from uterus to vagina; direct sperm into the uterus
vagina: connects uterus to cervix; allows for menstruation, childbirth, and intercourse
anatomy of the male reproductive system + functions
scrotum: contains the testes and acts as climate control
testes: produce and house immature sperm
epididymis: transports and stores sperm produces in the testes
prostate: secretes prostate fluid, one of the components of semen; helps propel seminal fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
seminal vesicle: produce and store seminal fluid that makes up semen
vas deferens: transports mature sperm to the urethra
penis: allows urine and semen to leave the body
hormones of the reproductive system
estrogen: produces secondary sex characteristic in women; helps development of sperm and libido in men
luteinizing hormone: triggers the ovaries to begin producing follicles
follicle stimulating hormone: stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in women
progesterone: regulates the endometrium of the uterus
testosterone: produces secondary sex characteristics in men; develops the testes and the prostate
events of the female hormonal cycle
menstruation: the elimination of the endometrium from the body
follicular phase: begins on the first day of menstruation; ends with ovulation; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovary to produce 5-20 follicles
ovulation: the release of a mature egg from a follicle; occurs ~2 weeks before menstruation; triggered by high levels of LH
luteal phase: follicle transforms into the corpus luteam; produces hCG and triggers the release of progesterone; if egg is not fertilized, it withers and dies; levels of progesterone drop and triggers the lining of the uterus to fall away (menstruation)
disorders of the reproductive system
chlamydia: the most common bacterial STI in the US; can cause urethritis, penile or vaginal discharge, abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain, painful intercourse, and irregular menses
gonorrhea: invades the mucosae of the reproductive and urinary tracts; causes urethritis in men; can cause abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding in women
syphilis: causes red, painless lesions called chancres in primary signs; secondary signs: a pink skin rash all over the body, fever and joint pain; detectable only by blood test
HPV: most common STI in the US; causes genital warts and linked to 99.7% of cases of cervical cancer in the US; has a vaccine
genital herpes: only 15% of infected individuals display signs of infection; causes blisterlike lesions to flare up; appear on the reproductive organs of infect adults; can cause severe malformations of a fetus
endometriosis: disorder in which the endometrium grows outside of the uterus; when the tissue breaks down, it has nowhere to go and becomes trapped in the pelvis; can cause irritation, scar formation, severe pain during periods, fertility problems