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Reproductive system (Major Functions of the Reproductive system…
Reproductive system
Major Functions of the Reproductive system
Fertilization
: Fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote
Reproduction
: Process by which organisms produce offspring
Sexual Reproduction
: Reproduction that involves two partners (male and female) and the offspring can be either male or female.
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures and functions
Male
Primary
Testes
: Primary sex organs
Sperm
: Male gamete
Secondary
Epididymis
: Functions to store and mature sperm cells
Ductus Deferens
: Takes sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Urethra
: Carries sperm and urine from bladder to the tip of the penis
Female
Primary
Ovaries
: houses oocyte within follicles
Secondary
Uterus
: The uterus functions to receive, retain, and nourish the fertilized egg
Uterine Tube
: Receive the ovulated oocyte and is a site of fertilization
Vagina
: serves as the birth canal
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Reproductive cycle
: (24-35 days)
Ovarian cycle
: occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturation and ovulation of the mature oocyte
Ovulation
: (Day 14) Graafian follicle releases the oocyte
Luteal Phase
: (Day 15-28) When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes Corpus Luteum then the corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen, and inhibin which suppresses FSH
Follicular Phase
: (Day 1-14) FSH causes follicular cells develop into primary follicle, follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
Uterine cycle
: occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Proliferative phase
: (Day 6-14) Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness which the thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
Secretory phase
: (Day 15-28) In response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy and Uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
Menstruation
:(Day 1-5) Decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed
Menopause
: Ovaries no longer responsive to hormones released by anterior pituitary which then secrete low levels of estrogen and progesterone
Hormones of the Reproductive system
Male
Leutinizing Hormone
: Stimulates
seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
Follicle stimulating hormone
: stimulates
seminiferous tubules to secrete testosterone
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
: released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Testosterone
: stimulates reproductive organ development and
sex drive
Female
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
: Released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
: Ovulation of the most mature follicle
Luteinizing Hormone
: Spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle
Estrogen
: primary female sex
hormone released by follicle
Progesterone
: triggers suppression of the
hypothalamus from releasing GnRH