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Elderly man with stomach cancer with feeding tube/Gallbladder removed…
Elderly man with stomach cancer with feeding tube/Gallbladder removed
The anatomy of the digestive tract
:
Organs of digestion 2 main groups
GI Tract (Alimentary Canal)Tube that extends from mouth to anus: Functions to Digest, absorb, and get rid of waste product
Mouth: Chewing
Pharynx
Esophagus: Transport food to stomach & secrete mucus
Stomach: Storage tank starts chemical break, converts bolus of food to chyme
Small Intestine: Duodenum,Jejunum,lleum-Digestion & Absorption
Large Intestine: Transverse Colon(Ascending, Transverse, and Descending) Cecum, Appendix, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal, Anus- Completion of Absorption & manufacture of some vitamins, formation of feces, and release of feces from body
Accessory Digestive Organs: Functions to store & secrete,aids in chemical breakdown
Teeth: Grind food
Tongue: manipulates food
Salivary Glands: Parotid, Sublingual ,Submandibular-Secretes salivary amylase
Liver: Synthesis bile salts, Metabolize Carbos, lipids, proteins, stores Vitamins, Detox substances
Gallbladder: Hold Bile
Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic &insulin+glucagon
Digestive Processes
Peristalsis-Means of movement of food that involves alternation of waves contracting and relaxing * Esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines
Mechanical Breakdown- Chewing, mixing of food with saliva, churning(stomach)
Propulsion-Movement of food through GI Tract * Swallowing
Segmentation- Mixing of food with digestive * Small Intestines)
Ingestion-Eating
Digestion- Breaks down large food particles into molecules small enough to enter body( Small & Large Intestines)
Absorption- Passage of small molecules through blood & lymph
Defecation- Rid of Waste Products via Anus in form of Feces
Downstream Causes
Can't digest fats
Bile ducts enlarge
GI Tract produce less digestive juices & absorption is less
Liquefied foods
Need food rich in vitamins
Upstream causes
Bypass way that food is transported to the stomach which is the esophagus, then the stomach that stores & chemically breaks downs food,first part of small intestines (duodenum) that aid in digestion & absoption
Cancer rapidly dividing cells effect GI Tract Cells
Old age slows GI Tract activity
Basic Nutrients
Fats
Vitamins- A, B12,D, E, K
Carbohydrates
Minerals
Water
Proteins
Enzymes responsible for different digesting nutrients
Pancreas produce lipase to digest fats & amylase to carbos.. Amylase, Proteases, nucleases
Stomach produce pepsin, pepsinogen, and gastric lipase
Salivary Glands- Salivary amylase & Lingual lipase
Small Intestines- Brush Border enzymes