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MORTALITY ((The two approaches to, measuring how frequently a disease…
MORTALITY
In the United States, about 80 percent of
the deaths every year occur in hospitals, hospices, or nursing homes.
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Death comes as the result of diseases, accidents, homicide, and, in about one of
every 70 cases (in the United States)
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general mortality is used when referring to the occurrence of death regardless of cause or age, and
cause-specifc
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Like fertility and mortality, morbidity is measured in terms
of rates, proportions, and ratios, as we shall see in a moment.
Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary (25th edition) defnes death as the irreversible cessation of (a) total cerebral function, (b) spontaneous function of the
respiratory system, and (c) spontaneous function of the circulatory system.
Once a death is certifed, it is recorded in a national, state, or local register of vital statistics and thus it
becomes demographic data.2
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understanding of the conditions that lead to death
is essential in describing and explaining mortality patterns.
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Prevalence measures indicate the proportion of individuals in a population
who have a specifc disease at a particular point in time or during a specifed interval.
Incidence refers to the number cases of a disease newly diagnosed during a specifed
period of time, usually one year.
As is true of birth and morbidity, the most important sources of data on death and
mortality are vital registration systems
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year for every 1,000 persons alive at midyear.
Because the CDR is not a “pure” measure, it alone cannot determine the actual
force of mortality or other important aspects of the incidence of death.
To account for this, we can calculate a stable or central crude
death rate for a specifc year, y, by taking the average of the CDR for Y and for the
preceding and the following year, y – 1 and y + 1, respectively (Shryock and Siegel
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Fetal mortality, also called “involuntary abortion” or “miscarriage,” is death
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