older man, stomach cancer with feeding tube, gallbladder removed several years ago.
he is not able to get nutrients and the provided minerals in food due to him having a feeding tube
the esophagus stomach and duodenum are being bypassed in this patient
background
anatomy of the digestive tract
basic nutrients needed for the body
enzymes responsible for different nutrients and where they are produced
mouth
malnuritment is another factor that should be considered
salivary amylase, chyme, lactase, sucrase, and maltase
small intestine
large intestine
stomach
anus
liver
esophagus
pancreas
digestive juices: saliva
food particles broken down: starches or any type of carbohydrate
movement: chewing
movement: peristalsis
means the movement of organ walls in the GI tract
peristalsis
peristalsis
upper muscle in stomach relaxes to let food enter
Lower muscles mix food with digestive juice
stomach acid
digestive juice
small intestine digestive juice
pancreatic juice
bile
breaks down proteins
breaks down bacteria in the large intestine
also breaks down food
breaks down
fats
proteins
carbohydrates
breaks down
proteins
carbohydrates
starches
breaks down fats
the digestive process starts here
Food starts to move through your GI tract when you eat. When you swallow, your tongue pushes the food into your throat.
three parts to it
jejunum
ileum
duodenum
includes
cecum
colon
appendix
rectum
is a finger shaped pouch attached to the cecum
is the first part of the large intestine
is the middle of the large intestine
is the end of the large intestine
A small flap of tissue, called the epiglottis, folds over your windpipe to prevent choking and the food passes into your esophagus.
second of the digestion process
Once you begin swallowing, the process becomes automatic. Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins.
third process of the digestive system
After food enters your stomach, the stomach muscles mix the food and liquid with digestive juices. The stomach slowly empties its contents, called chyme, into your small intestine.
chyme is a thick liquid of partially digested food and digestive juices made in your stomach
the fourth process of the digestive system
The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion.
The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream.
As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the large intestine
fifth process of the digestive system
Waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract.
The large intestine absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your rectum.
last part of the digestive system
The lower end of your large intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during a bowel movement.
proteins
Fats
carbohydrates
minerals
breaks into simple sugars
breaks into amino acids
amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
vitamins
breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol
small intestine
stomach
pancreas
amylase
lipase
proteases
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pepsin
breaks down starches
breaks down fats
the chyme enters the beginning portion of the small intestine.
in response to the chyme being in the small intestine the pancreas releases the enzyme pancreatic amylase
salivary glands
esophagus
they secrete saliva, which helps to moisten the food. the food is chewed while the glands also release the enzyme salivary amylase
the mixture enters and goes to the stomach where it meets the chyme
then produces enzymes called lactase, sucrase and maltase. the monosaccharides are single sugars that are absorbed into the intestine
maltase
breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides
the minerals and nutrients he needs are having to be added to the food because with his feeding tubes in he is bypassing what he really needs to digest and break down food to get the nutrients and minerals his body needs out of the food