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An older male patient with stomach cancer recently had a feeding tube…

- - - - Propulsion, buccal phase of swallowing initiated by tounge, propels food into pharynx
      - Mechanical breakdown, chewing by teeth and mixing movements by tongue
      - Ingestion, food is put in the mouth
      - Digestion, salivary amylase in saliva, produced by salivary glands, begins digestion of starch
    - - Propulsion, peristalic waves move food bolus to stomach, completeing the involuntary phase of deglutition
    - - Digestion, pepsin begins the digestion of proteins
      - Absorption, absorbs a few fat-soluble substances. (aspirin, alcohol, some drugs)
      - Mechanical breakdown and propulsion, peristalic waves mix food with gastric juice and propel it into duodenum
    - - Digestion, digestive enzymes delivered from pancreas and brush boarder enzymes attached to microvilli membranes complete digestion of all classes of foods.
      - Absorption, breakdown products of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and nucleic acid digestion, plus vitamins, electrolytes and water are absorbed by by active and passive mechanisms.
      - Mechanical breakdown and propulsion, segmentation by smooth muscle of the small intestine continually mixes contents with digestive juices and, along with short, peristalic waves, moves food along gi tract, allowing sufficient time for digestion and absorption
    - - Absorption, Absorbs most remaining water, electrolytes and vitamins produced by bacteria.
      - Propulsion, propels feces toward rectum by mass movements.
      - Digestion, some remaining food residues are digested by gut bacteria
      - Defecation, reflex triggered by rectal distention. Eliminates feces from the body.
  - - - Gall Bladder: which stores and concentrates bile, a fat digesting enzyme
      - Pancreas which makes amylase and lipase
      - Liver which produces bile
    - - Transverse Colon: the longest and most movable part of the colon.
      - Ascending Colon: the first part of the large intestine after exiting the small intestine
      - Descending Colon: follows the transverse colon and stores feces that will be emptied into the rectum
      - Sigmoid Colon: the last stop before feces enters the rectum.
      - Appendix: aids in immune function, harbors bacteria.