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Mortality: Causes and Consequences - Chapter 6 (Measuring Morbidity &…
Mortality: Causes and Consequences - Chapter 6
Measuring Morbidity & Mortality
Age Specific Morality
: The occurrence of deaths in a population according to the age of the deceased.
Morbidity
: Latin word morbus- diseased. The occurrence of disease in a population, especially a serious illness that can be fatal.
About 80% of deaths occur in hospitals, hospice, or nursing homes.
Natural Increase
: The component of population growth (or loss) resulting from the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths, symbolized as (B-D).
Prevalence
:A measure of evaluation research that focus on the manner in which a program is implemented.
Incidence
:A measure of the number of people recently diagnosed with a disease.
Morbidity Rates and Crude Death Rates CDR = (D/P) x 1000 are used
Central Crude Death Rate
: An average of observed death rates for consecutive years.
Neonatal Morality Rates (NMR)
:A measure of the incidence of death among infants during their first month of life.
Infant Morality Rate (IMR)
:A measure of the incidence of death among infants during their first year of life.
Child Morality Rate (CMR)
:A measure of the incidence of death among children during their first five years of life.
Age Specific Death Rates (ASDRs)
: A measure of fertility based on the ratio of the number of deaths that occur in a given cohort and the size of that cohort.
ASDR= (Dx/Px) x 1000
NMR = (D1-28 days/B) x 1000
IMR = (D0-1/B) x 1000
Fetal Mortality
: Death that occurs prior to birth through either spontaneous or voluntary abortion.
Cause Specific Mortality
: The occurrence of deaths in a population according to its causes.
DR = (D accidents/P) x 100000
Social and Environmental Factors
Probability of death are influenced by social class, ethnicity, and gender.
Mortality in the U.S.
The effects of inequality
Cause Specific Deaths in the U.S. Men = prostate cancer women= breast cancer
Third most common cause of death = Stroke
Stroke Belt
: The section of the south traditionally known for high rates of stroke.
Suicide was the 10th leading cause of death in 2010
Global Mortality Patterns: Past and Present
Epidemiological Transition
: The centuries long, three stage shift in the most common causes of death.
Demographic Transition
: A long range change in population growth rates as the results of declining levels of fertility and/or mortality; especially Europe's three stage transition that began in about 1650.
Pandemics
: An outbreak of a fatal disease that affects a very large proportion of a population.
Advent of a second European demographic transition.