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Social Psychology (Social Interactions (Social Behavior: (actor-Observer…
Social Psychology
Social Interactions
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Social Behavior:
actor-Observer bias
Bystander Effect: the effect that the presence of
other people has on the decision to help or not to help,
with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases.
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Social Cognition
Cognitive Dissonance: sense of
discomfort or distress that occurs
when a person's behavior does not
correspond to that person's attitudes.
Impression Formation
Attributors
Fundamental Attribution Error: the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining behavior while underestimating situational factors.
Social Categorization: the assignment of a person one has just met to a category based on characteristics the new person has in common with he other people with whom one has had experience in the past.
Deindividualization: cause of behavior attributed to external factors, such as delays , the action of others, or some other aspect of the situation.
Attitudes
Formation
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Vicarious Conditioning: attitudes learned through observation of other people's actions and reactions to various objects, people, or situations.
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Direct contact: attitudes formed by the
person, idea, situation, or object that is the
focus of the attitude
Persuasion: the process by which one
person tries to change the belief, opinion,
position, or course of action of another
person through argument, pleading, or explanation.
Central-route Processing: type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself
Peripheral-route Processing: type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors
Components:
Behavioral component: action person
takes in regard to object,
person, or situation
Affective component: way person feels
towards object, person, or
situation
Cognitive component: way a person thinks
about him or herself, an
object, person, or situation.
Social Influence: process through
which the real or implied presence
of others can directly or
indirectly influence the thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors of an
individual
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Group Behavior
Robber's Cave Study
Task Performance
Social Impairment:tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task
Social Loafing: tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others on that task
Social Facilitation: the tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task
Group Polarization: tendency for members involved
in group discussion to take somewhat more
extreme positions and suggest riskier actions
when compared to individuals who have no
participated in a group discussion.
Group Think: kind of thinking that
occurs when people place more
importance on maintaining group
cohesiveness than on assessing
the facts of the problem with which
the group is concerned
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