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Immune system (Types of leukocytes (Agranular (smaller, have less visible…
Immune system
Types of leukocytes
Agranular
smaller, have less visible granules, single lobe nuclei
T and B cell roles
T Cells
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Main function of the T helper cell is to augment or potentiate immune response by the secretion of specialized factors that activate other white blood cells to fight off infection
Granulocyted
Are composed of three cell types known as neutrophils,esinophils,and basophilsl, which are based on there staining characteristics with certain dyes
T Lymphocytes
target and attack particular types of cells/virus. Variation of both B and T called memory cells and live for period of years ready to attack a particular pathogen.
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Immune disease disorders
The human immune system recognizes and destroys pathogens inside the body. Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, cause damage and disease when they grow and reproduce.
Innate immunity is basically the combined action of Phagocytes and Granular white blood cells. The combined action is basically white blood cells eating pathogens or engendering histaminic response to wash away pathogens.
HIV
HIV causes AIDS, HIV means human immunodeficiency virus. It breaks down the immune system and causes people to become sick with infections that normally wouldnt affect them. AIDS is short for aqquired immune deficiency syndrome
Aging
pressure only applies in productive years, after producing there is no selective pressure
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Lymphatic System
lymphatic vessels
They are structures that absorb fluid that diffuses from blood vessels capillaries into surrounding tissues
lymphatic organs
The vessels are connected to lymph nodes, where the lymph is filtere. The tonsils, adenoids,spleen and thymus are all part of the lymphatic system
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Immune system response
Barrier
Stomach: Gastrointesinal Tract,
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Innate immunity
Immune response pH: Is a balanced pH level that is needed because an imbalance encourages the growth of pathogens and tissue damage
Histaminic response: Histamine influences many cell types that are in regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses one being antigen-presenting cells, natural killer cells, epithelial cells, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
Vaccine
How they work?
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A pathogen is anything that enters the body that causes disease. This includes bacteria, viruses and chemicals. To do this the pathogen must breach physical barriers and innate immunity.
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Types of vaccines
Toxid (Bacteria)
protein based on subunit vaccine, used for bacteria tha secrete tocxins, detoxified toxins are safe to use while vaccinated, toxins are unactivated by treating
Sub-Unit vaccine
inactivated vaccine,only include the antigens that best stimulate the immune system, contain 1-20 antigens, low risk of adverse effect
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Inactivated vaccines
antibody titer may lower with time, can not replicate, effective for only short period in the presence of passive immunity