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A married couple wants to know the safest contraceptive strategy - Coggle…
A married couple wants to know the safest contraceptive strategy
Anatomy & Physiology of Male Reproductive System
Penis
:
Corpus Cavernosum
make up most of the penis and are bound by the fibrous tunica albuginea
Corpus Spongiosum:
the midventral erectile body; surrounds the urethra
Glans Penis:
enlarged tip of the penis
Prepuce ( Foreskin ):
the skin covering the penis is loose and extends distally around the glans to form a cuff
Testes:
Tunica vaginalis
the outer 2 layers
Tunica Albuginea
the fibrous capsule of the testes
Scrotum
sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of the penis
Seminiferous Tubules
the actual "sperm factories"
The Accessory Ducts:
Epididymis
is where sperm mature
Duct of the Epididymis
a highly coiled duct that completes the head and forms all of the body and tail of this organ
The Ductus Deferens
transport sperm during ejaculation
Ejaculatory Duct
Delivers sperm into the urethra
Urethra
is the terminal portion of the male duct system; transports urine and semen
Accessory Glands
:
Seminal Glands (seminal vesicles)
account for 70% of semen volume
Prostate
plays a role in activating sperm and account for up to one-third of the semen volume
slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate and several enzymes including one called prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Bulbo-Urethral Gland
produce a thick, clear mucus, some of which drains into the spongy urethra where it neutralizes traces of acidic urine
in addition, this mucus lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually excited
Anatomy & Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries:
the female gonads, produce female gametes(ova) and the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone
Ovarian Follicles
embedded in the ovary cortex are many saclike structures that produce hormones that influences stages of the menstrual cycle
each follicle contain an oocyte ( immature egg)
Uterine Tube
:
(fallopian tubes)
form the initial part of the female duct system
3 Regions
Infundibulum
is the opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity
surrounded by ciliated, fingerlike projections called FIMBRIAE that drape of the ovary
Ampulla
it forms half of the length of the uterine tube and is the site where fertilization usually occurs
Isthmus
forms the narrow medial third of the uterine tube. empties into the superolateral region of the uterus
they receive the ovulated oocyte and are site where fertilization generally occurs
Uterus:
it is a hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ that receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum
Cervix
is a narrow neck, or outlet, which projects into the vagina inferiorly
Vagina:
is a thin-walled tube that lies between the bladder and the rectum
provides a passageway for delivery of an infant and for menstrual flow
Female organ of copulation
The External Genitalia
Mons Pubis
is a fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis
Labia Majora
2 elongated, hair covered fatty skin
Labia Minora
2 thin, hair-free skin folds
Vestibule
contains the external opening of the urethra and the vagina
Greater Vestibular Glands
these glands release mucus into the vestibule and help to keep it moist and lubricated, facilitating intercourse
Clitoris
richly innervated with nerve endings sensitive
become swollen with blood and erect during tactile stimulation , contributing to a female's sexual arousal
Events of the Uterine/Ovarian Cycle
when puberty begins, Hypothalamus starts of the ovarian cycle by secreting GnRH once a month
then Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH,LH
FSH stimulate only 1 follicle ( the furthest away from development)
FSH drives that follicle to keep growing by triggering the follicle to secrete its own estrogen ( help follicle to mature even more )
estrogen then stimulate pituitary to release LH to help to help finish the job
LH gets to work on the oocyte that been doormat on the inside of the follicle and triggers to finally start dividing again, getting it to complete meiosis 1 and move on to meiosis 2
the mature oocyte pushes against ovary wall, ruptures, and with the help of enzymes, breaches the wall and eject a now mature oocyte
Major Contraceptive Methods
Spermicide
this is a foam, jelly, cream or film that goes into the vagina before sex that contains chemicals that kills sperm
CONS- may make STDs more likely and 29% get pregnant during first year of use
Condom
latex condom blocks sperm from entering the vagina
CONS- effective only if used correctly every time, cannot reuse
Diaphragm
is a rubber dome that a woman places over her cervix before sex ...should also use with spermicide
CONS- no STD protection, cant be used during a woman's period due to a risk of toxic-shock syndrome
Birth Control Pill
the most common type uses estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation
CONS- no STD protection, may cause: spotting, blood clotting, and raise blood pressure
Birth Control Implant
is matchstick-sized rod that a doctor places under the skin of a woman's upper arm. it releases the same hormone that's in birth control shot that protects against pregnancy
CONS- may cause irregular bleeding, doesn't protect against STDs
Tubal Ligation
a surgeon closes off the fallopian tubes, this prevents eggs from leaving the ovaries
CONS- Permanent, may not be reversible, requires surgery ( a lot can go wrong during surgeries ), no STD protection
Vasectomy
a doctor surgically closes the vas deferens, this prevents the release of sperm but doesn't affect ejaculation
CONS- not effective immediately, requires surgery, may not be reversible, doesn't prevent STDs
IUD ( Intrauterine Device )
a "t-shaped" device that fits inside your uterus, it prevents the sperm from reaching and fertilizing eggs
CONS- about 1 in 10 women will get ovarian cyst in the first year after the get and IUD. may fall out, especially during periods
Important Factors
Increase the risk of breast and cervical cancer
increase the risk of blood clots
can lead to risk of a stroke and heart attack
since they are in their early 40s, menopause usually occurs between 40-58 years of age . so they may not need to take any type of birth control
3 Best Options
Vasectomy
this is cheaper, faster and safer than female sterilization
Abstinence
always a number 1 way to prevent pregnancy, is to not have sex at all
IUD
because it can last between 3-10 years and you can remove it
this mostly used for women who has had kids already and up in age
3 Worse Options
Birth Control Pills
increases the risk of blood clots, stroke and heart attacks
also may forget to take
Condom
because it can tear or break
Diaphragm
because you have to use this with spermicide over and over. And the spermicide contains chemicals
29% of women who use spermicide became pregnant their first year of use... low effective rate