Woman changes her eating habits to super healthy diet. Becomes vegan, eats nothing but organic and raw. Health keeps declining as she continues to take food out of diet.

Background Info

Nutrients

Macromolecule

A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

4 Main types of Macromolecules

Proteins

Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Most are derived from plants.

Exceptions: Lactose from milk and small amounts of glycogens from milk

Saturated fats from animal products

Unsaturated fats from nuts, seeds, and vegetables oil

Cholesterol from egg yolk, meats, and milk products

Complete Proteins contain all essential amino acids

Most are from animal products

Legumes and beans also have proteins, but are incomplete

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain

Types of carbohydrates

Disaccharides

Monosaccharides

Glycogen

Cellulose

Starch

undigestible source of bulk

Saturated fats

type of fat containing high proportion fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fats.

Ex:

Eggs

Milk

Meats

excess saturated fats are a risk factor for Cv disease

Healthy fats and are important to include for diet

Ex

Nuts

Plant oil

Seeds

Cholesterol

waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all cells in your body

Amino Acid

Organic Compounds that combine to form proteins

Plus Vitamins

vitamins

def: Organic compounds required by the body in minute amounts

Most vitamins function as coenzymes

Coenzymes

Non protein substance associated with and activating and enzyme; typically a vitamin

Vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble

Minerals

Inorganic chemical compounds found in nature, salts

Major inorganic minerals

Sulfur

Sodium

Potassium

Chlorine

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Calcium

Trace Elements

Cobalt

Zinc

Iodine

Fluorine

Copper

Selenium

Manganese

Chromium

Iron

Free ions

Cl-

Ca+2

Na+

Drastic change to diet

Obtaining wrong info on changing diet

Drastic change in diet

Too much vitamins

Blood shot/ yellow eyes

possible cause of jaundice

Jaundice happens when there is too much bilirubin

Diet can affect your body in many ways, including jaundice

also by B12 deffieceny

too mcuh B6 can lead to nerve damage

too much niacin can cause liver damage

live damge cause yelowing of the eye

RDA for healthy diet

Vitamins & Minerals

Women

Men

Potassium

Calcium

Vitamin C

Iron

Vitamin A

Potassium

Calcium

Vitamin C

Iron

Vitamin A

700 mcg/day

75 mg/day

4700 mg/day

1000-2000 mg/day

8 mg/day

900 mcg/day

90 mcg/day

4700 mg/day

1000-2000 mg/day

8 mg/day

Purpose

to inform others of how much of a specific nutrient your body needs on a daily basis

How nutrients are important for systems

Endocrine System

Nervous System

Cardiac System

Urinary System

Muscular system

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

foods containing amino acids are essential for bodily function

Amino acids help repair and grow new muscle fibers

Calcium C and Calcium D help strengthen bones and muscles

Digested carbohydrates cause insulin levels to rise

causing ATP to be carried to muscles around the body

nutrients give the muscles the ability to function quickly and properly

Unsaturated fats keeps cells nourished

Healthy fats prevent and reduce inflammation and function as a reserve fuel source when carbohydrates are depleted

Omegga 3 fatty acid

Vitamin B12

decrease inflammation

prevent blood clotting

Fiber

fiber protects against heart disease

Soluble fiber

Insoluble fiber

helps reduce cholesterol

Unsaturated fats

help development and maintenance of our cells

Lower ldl cholesterol and higher hdl cholesterol

Magnesium

helps maintain nerve and muscle function

keeps the heart rhythm steady & maintain BP

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

production of T3

cellular metabolism

hormone synthesis

support immune system

energy production

B Vitamins

proper functioning of processes in the nerves and brain

Minerals

modulate transmission of nervous stimuli

reduce nerve damage

effectiveness of neurotransmitters

Vitamin C

enhances acidity of the urine and stop growth of E. Coli

Water

Vitamin D

Boost immune system

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metabolic pathways

Homeostatic set points

Communication Pathways

Dietary protein, carbohydrates and fats supply both caloric energy and elements such as the amino acids that are used to form cells.

Compounds in dietary minerals and vitamins may act as hormones or catalysts in reactions needed for body functions, such as the regulation of blood pressure.

food enters body

metabolism begins

chemical reaction of food into components

deciding on what needs what will be distributed or stored

Glycolysis

glucose oxidant for obtaining ATP

fatty acid oxidation

fatty acids breakdown into acetyl-CoA to be used by the kerb's cycle

gluconeogenesis

glucose synthesis from the smaller percursors, to be used in the brain

not getting the nutrients that you need can result in body change

to little protein can cause the hair loss the patient is having