Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Altered Elimination (Altered Urinary Elimination (Diagnostic Testing…
Altered Elimination
Altered Urinary Elimination
Urinary perfusion
Inadequate arterial blood supply results in ischemia and infarction. Decreased oxygen delivery and perfusion leads to loss of fucntional tissue through necrosis, pain, bleedingm and obstruction of the branches of the venous system
Polycystic kidney disease
: growth of fluid filled cysts in the kidney tissue bilaterally leading to progressive loss of renal nephrons
Urinary patency
Blockage of structures invlced in the passage of urine influenced by the degree of obstruction, duration, and acuity/chronicity of the condition.
Characterized by build up of pressure behind the blockage leading to structural damage and impaired function.
Urolithiasis
: Kidney stones developed as solid masses composed of salts which precipitae out of urinary filtrate.
Urinary neuromuscular function
Alteration in neuromuscular function may result in urinary retention or incontinence.
Detrusor Overactivity Associated With a Neurologic Condition such as Multiple Sclerosis or spinal cord injury
Urinary motility
Promotes stasis of filtrate in renal tubules and in bladder leading to bacerial infections
Acute tubular necrosis causes casts and cellular debris to be sloughed into tubular lumen.
Clinical manifestations
Altered excretion characteristics
Proteins, glucose, ketones, nitrites, bacteria, leukocyte esterase, and stones.
Bleeding
Altered volume of excretion
Bleeding
Distention
Diagnostic Testing
Microscopic urinalysis
Creatinine clearance
GFR
Intravenous pyleogram
Macroscopic urinalysis
Voiding cystourethrogram
Treatment
Correct body gluid deficit or excess
Control fluid balance
Altered Stool Elimination
Bowel patency
Bowel obstruction: due to a space-occupying lesion which blocks the intestinal lumen.
Polyp
Impacted feces
Tumor
Bowel perfusion
Decreased or absent perfusion can be caused from a clot, space-occupying mass, erosion of blood vessels, or trauma
Appendicitis: caused from trapped fecal matter in the appendix of the colon. This causes an inflammatory response and infection.
Bowel neuromuscular function
Alteration in neural signal transduction or muscle responsiveness may result in altered bowel function.
Bowel motility
Motility determines the rate of fecal matter evacuation.
Increased motility: may impair nutrition, preventing adequate opportunity for nutrient and water abosrption.
Decreased motility: prolongs storage in large intetine promoting loss of fluid from fecal matter prompting the return of waste products into circulation
Treatment
Moving diarrhea-causing factors out of stool: Kaopectate
Decreasing secretion of fluid into intestine: antibiotics
Slowing the passage of stool: Imodium
Using bulk-forming agents to abosrb excess fluid: Psyllium
Clinical manifestations
Appearance of abdomen: soft when pressed and flat relative to body size
Auscultation of bowel sounds to indicate peristalic function: quality, location, frequency
Gaseous flatus
Volume and characteristics of stool: loose, watery, hard, and solid.
Diagnostic testing
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Barium enema
Altered volume of excretion
Altered body fluid balance