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The Reproductive System Leslie De La Rosa Period:4 (Anatomy of male…
The Reproductive System Leslie De La Rosa Period:4
Major Functions
Female:
Produce oocytes
nurture and develop infant
Male
Produce male sperm scells
transport semen
transport and sustain fluids and cells
hormone secretion
ovulation cycle
fertilization
Accessory ducts
Anatomy of male reproductive structure
Accessory Ducts
Epididymus
: -sperm matures -Duct of epididymus: completes head and tails of sperm
Ductus Deferens
: transports sperm during ejaculation
expands= ampulla and joins
Ejaculatory Duct
: duct of seminal gland and empties to urethra
Urethra
: terminal portion that -transports urine and semen (Different times)
3 REGIONS:
-Prostatic Urethra: surrounded by prostate -Intermediate: urogenital diaphragm
Spongy: penis and slit (75% of urethral length)
runs: inguinal canal :arrow_right:pelvic cavity
Scrotum
: sac of skin hanging off root of penis (affected by temp changes)
Testes
: 1st outer tunica:
Tunica Vaginalis
-2nd tunica:
Tunica Albuginea
Penis+ Scrotum= External Genitalia
Male Perineum
: suspends scrotum and contains root of penis and anus
Accessory Glands
Seminal Glands
: secrete fluid that partly makes up semen
Prostate
: peach pit gland that secretes fluid that nourishes/protects sperm
Bulbo-Urethral Gland
: (paired) thick, clear, mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine and lubricates glans penis
Semen
:-mixture of accessory gland secretions -Prostaglandins guard entry of uterus -hormone relaxing and enzymes enhance sperm motility -ATP provides energy
Erection
: -allows penetration
-enlargement/stiffening of penis -arterioles filled with blood
-parasympathetic control
Ejaculation
: -semen :arrow_right:vagina
-under sympathetic control
-pleasurable sensations, increased pulse, and blood pressure
Spermatogenesis
: process of forming male gametes
Histology of Seminiferous Tubules
SUSTENTOCYTES: :supporting cells (large/Columnar)
SPERMATOGENIC CELLS: rise to sperm enveloped by sustenocytes and stages of cell division
MYOID CELLS: SM cells surround seminiferous tubules (3 layers) by squeezing out sperm and testicular fluid out of testes
INTERSTITIAL ENDOCRINE CELLS: produce androgen and sm estrogen :arrow_right:secreted to interstitial fluid
Mitosis
TYPE A DAUGHTER CELL: @ basal lamina and divides germ cells
TYPE B DAUGHTER CELL: pushed :arrow_right: lumen becoming a PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE which produces 4 sperms
SPERMIAGENISES:
-elongated
-forms tail
-sheds access
SPERM: -head
-midspace
-tail
FSH causes sustentocytes to produce ABP
LH stims interstital endocrince cells to release
Disorders of RS
BACTERIAL AND PARASITIC SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
GONORRHEA: invades mucous of reproduction and urinary tracts and is treated with antibiotics
TRICHOMONIASIS: A parasitic infection more common in females Symptoms: yellow/green discharge from vagina with strong odor
CHLAMYDIA: most common bacterial STI with virus like dep. on host cells and is cured with antibiotics.
SYPHILIS: caused by corkscrew bacterium in Treporema Pallidum and can be transmitted through infected mother and is cured with penicillin
VIRAL SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Human Papillomavirus HPV)
: group of 40 viruses and most common STI in America SYMPTOMS: genital warts and causes cancer in infected body regions
Genital Herpes:
never leaves but can be tamed
SYMPTOMS: blister like and painful lesions
Events of Female Hormonal Cycles
Ovarian Cycle
FOLLICULAR PHASE: vesicular follicles secrete estrogen and dom follicle sis chose
LATENT PHASE: corpus luteam is active
SECONDARY OOCYTE :arrow_right: PERITONEAL CAVITY
GnRH stims :arrow_right: FSH AND LH SECRETION
FSH AND LH stim. follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones
NEG Feedback :no_entry: GnRH release
POS feedback :arrow_right:GnRH
Huge amount of LH :arrow_right: ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
Uterine (Menstrutal Cycle)
DAYS 0-4 (Menstrual phase/ menstruation/ mensus)
uterus sheds all but deepest part
hormonal development functional layer detaches from uterus wall
by day growing ovarian follicles produce estrogen
DAYS 15-28 (secretory/ postovulatory) phase
endometrium prepares for embryo to implant
DAYS 5-14: Proliferative
endometrium rebuilds by rising levels of estrogen
ovulation by day 14 in response to LH sure in anterior pituitary
Oogenesis:
process of production of ova
OOGENIA (diploid stem cells) :arrow_right: divide by mitosis producing :arrow_right: PRIMARY OOCYTES (1st meiotic division) :arrow_right: Undergo meiosis 1 producing :arrow_right: SECONDARY OOCYTES :arrow_right:undergo meiosiis 2 to produce :arrow_right: OVA
OVARIAN FOLLICLE: 1 layer of cells: PRE-GRANULOSA -1+ layers : GRANULOSA CELLS
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE: 1 layer of squamous PG
PRIMARY FOLLICLES: 1 layer (cuboidal) PG
SECONDARY FOLLICLES: 1+ layer of G surrounding primary oocyte
VESTICULAR FOLLICLES: fluid filled antrum with primary oocyte
Ovulation:
after pub. FSH rescues 20 recruited follicles from atresia and 1 dominant follicle is selected and achieves ovulation
Anatomy of female reproductive structure
Ovaries
:(gonads) produce games OVA, and sex hormones ESTROGEN AND PROGESTRONE
Internal Genitalia= Ovaries+ Duct System
External Genitalia: external sex organs of F
OVARIAN FOLLICLES: sac like struct. embedded in higly vascular CT of ovary consisting of OOCYTE (IMMATURE EGG)
Uterine Tubes
: (Fallopian tubes) (oviducts) ovulated oocyte and site of fertilization, ampulla half length of tube and at site of fert. :arrow_right: isthmus emptues to superlateral region of Uterus
The Uterus
: womb receives, retains, and nourishes fertilized OVUM
Cervix
: narrow outlet projecting to vagina inferiorly
Uterine Wall
Permetrium
: outer serous layer
myometrium
: bulky middle layer made up of bundles of SM
Endometrium
:mucosa lines cavity,
FUNCTIONAL LAYER: cyclic changes in response to blood levels in ovarian hormones and sheds during menstruation
BASAL LAYER:stem cells form functional layer after menstruation
Vagina
: 3 coats:--outer fibroelastic adventitia, SM muscularis, inner mucosa
Female Perineum:
pubic arch :arrow_left:, coccyx :arrow_left:, ischial tuberosities =
Mammary Gland:
sweat glands, lactation
