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Disorders of the Middle Ear:Acute otitis media (Pathophysiology (Bacteria…
Disorders of the Middle Ear:Acute otitis media
Defintion
: infection and inflammation of the middle ear caused by obstruction related to upper respiratory infections, inflammation of surrounding structures or allergic reactions.
Pathophysiology
Bacteria can enter the eustachian tube from contaminated secretions in the nasopharynx
Inflammatory reaction takes place
Eustachian tube becomes blocked and swollen
There is negative pressure in the middle ear
There is no drainage
Joints of the ossicles become immovable
Sound cannot be transmitted, hearing decreases
Inflammation and fever increases
Tympanic membrane perforates in the presence of pus
There is purulent discharge from the ear
Causes
Bacteria
Respiratory tract infections
Allergic reactions
Inflammation of surrounding structures
Risk factors
Young age
Use of a pacifier
Bottle fed infants
Drinking while laying down
Cold climate
Sinus or ear infection
Clinical Manifestations
Pain on affected ear
Purulent discharge on the ear
Fever
Hearing loss
Bulging tympanic membrane
Pus
Headache
Nursing care plan
Monitor vital signs closely
Administer prescribed analgesics and antibiotics
Clean ear discharge by wicking
Diagnostic tests
Otoscope
Tympanometry
Reflectometry
Hearing test