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Immune System (Vaccines (diseases conquered by vaccination (polio,…
Immune System
Vaccines
the 2nd time you get infected, your immune system is ready often before any symptoms are felt
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when body is first infected, the main task is to produce antibodies, which causes memory lymphocytes to produce
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this means that it can get rid of the virus more easily the second time than the first (immune memory)
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steps
- white blood cell recognizes and makes antibodies
- white cells multiply as more antibodies are produced
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Examples
corona virus: virus takes cells apart especially in lungs, can affect young people for the rest of their lives
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when identified, antibodies are made rapidly by the white blood cells
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when vaccination rates decline, herd immunity is lost
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Immune System Response
Innate Immunity: the combined action of phagocytes and granular white blood cells. with this action white cells eat pathogens or engendering histaminic response to wash pathogens away
Natural Acquired Immunity: immunity that occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen and develops a immune response and that goes into immune memory
Barries
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skin: sweat and sebaceous glands/ low pH, washing action
skin: epidermal surface/ keratatinzed surface cells, langerhands cells
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mucosal surfaces: mucosal epithelium/ non-keratinized epithelial cells, washing action
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Lymphocytes
they have a naive B cell which detects the shape of the antigen and the B lymphocytes produce antibodies for those antigens
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B lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow and respond to the virus' in the fluids such as blood (humoral response)
definitions
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antibodies: Y shaped protein that allow macrophages to identify what is the invader, they also make the antigens job harder
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when the skin is breaches like through a cut, inflammation takes place which the response of the body
ex: achne is bacteria in our pores and what our body does is plug it up and send macrophage which eats invaders
virus' start with one cell and multiply until they destroy the cell and spread to other cells from there
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Castle Example
non-specific: wall/moat, soldiers
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Types of Leukocytes
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Agranular: smaller, less visible granules, single lobe nuclei
Lymphocyte: don't arise in the bones, but in lymph nodes, 3 major cells
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Monocytes: (2%-8%), very large, spend lifestyle eating debris and bad things
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When injured and infected cells send chemicals, leukocytes respond and stop bacteria
They do not live long, only until they live out their purpose
Immune Disease Disorders
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Autoimmune: the immune system's tolerance for other types of cells breaks down and the immune system starts to attack particular types of cells
immune system attacks bacteria antigen and confuses that protein with a body cell that identifies antigen proteins
treatments are done with drugs such as immunosuppressant and antiinflammartory drugs such as steroids
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