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Elderly Male patient w/ stomach cancer had feeding tube inserted into…
Elderly Male patient w/ stomach cancer had feeding tube inserted into alimentary canal
Recently had a feeding tube inserted into alimentary canal to bypass esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Had his gallbladder removed several year ago.
Anatomy of Digestion
Mouth (oral cavity)
Tongue
forms "bolus", mixture food & saliva
aids speech & sense of taste
Salivary Glands
(1) ingests, (2) begins mechanical breakdown by chewing, (3) initiates propulsion by swallowing, and (4) starts the digestion of polysaccharides
Teeth
pushes food down throat
Pharynx
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Spleen
Gallbladder
Large Intestine
2 more items...
Small Intestine
2 more items...
storage of bile
1 more item...
supplies most of enzymes needed to digest chyme
bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
Produces digestive Enzymes
Protease, Amylase, Lipase, Nucleases
churning
temporary storage tank, starts CHEMICAL breakdown of protein digestion
produces bile, detoxifies,
food propulsion, food pathway
are conduits to pass food from mouth to stomach
Cells?
Parietal cells secrete
Hydrochloric acid
denatures protein, activates pepsin, breaks down plant cell walls, and kills many bacteria
required for absorption of vitamin B12 in small intestine
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
inactive enzyme that is activated to pepsin by HCl and by pepsin itself
Enteroendocrine cells
secrete chemical messengers
Some are paracrines (e.g., histamine) while others are hormones (e.g., gastrin)
Possibility of malnutrition
Weight loss
loss of appetite
Other Factors?
Missing Nutrients?
Minerals, Vitamins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Water
Bypassed?
Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum
Not participating?
Oral Cavity, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Pharynx, Stomach, Esophagus,
Necessary nutrients?
Water, Proteins, Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Lipids
What's missing?
No proper food breakdown = inability to absorb nutrients
Impact?
food must be partially digested. Medicine must be in liquid/ dissolved/ crushed form
Specialized Diet?
food has to be in liquid form