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Reinassance and The Tudor Family (Elizabeth I was Henry VIII and Anne…
Reinassance and The Tudor Family
Renaissance is a period we have in Europe between the year 1500 and 1600. It is strictly linked to Humanism.
Humanism is a cultural movment that starts in Italy at the beginning of the 15th century and later develops in England.
Anthropocentrism: man was at the center of the world, not God. Everything revolves around men.
ALL AROUND MAN AND DIGNITY TO PASSION.
In England we didn not have visual arts as in Italy: literature was the main instrument to portrait humanism.
The main difference between England and the rest of Europe was religion: in England there wasn't the Pope who could control literature; there was no suppression of human passion.
As we can see in the picture 'The Ambassadors', humanism was characterized by geographical discoveries: this makes men understand precariousness and mutability of things and life.
It started after the downfall of Costantinople: scholars escaped and spread their classical knowledge.
The chain of being
It is a hierarchical structure with God at the top.
Women link men to God: women are more spiritual and can control passion ,while men are instinctive and have animal impulse.
Women do not grant themselves to men until men change their nature:men have to control passion to be accepted by women, so they become more spiritual.
After thee Wars of the Roses, Henry VII became king and his position was very weak as he was from a new dynasty, so he had to cope with a lot of conspiracies and with a divided Country. But he magnificently strenghtned his position and the power of the Monarchy.
He tried to consolidate his position through a treaty with France and a trade treaty with the Netherlands.
He made his son Arthur marry Catherine of Aragon,princess of Spain, in order to have Spain, a strong Country, as his ally.
He got England have its own ships, slim and with range guns, so that they were perfect both for trade and war.
He was sided by aristocracy,that could plot against him. He was clever and started to surround himsef with educated,non-aristocratic people, who could not plot against him.
Henry VIII was Henry VII second son. He was also called 'The Golden Prince' for his good looks, chivalry and educaion.
He got the title of 'Defender of the Faith' for his Latin treatise defending the sacraments against the Lollards, who said the Church wasn't coherent with Christian values.
He asked the Pope for the permission to marry Catherine of Aragon, because they were brothers-in-law. He got the permission and they married.
Catherine only gave him daughters, but he wanted a male heir. He wanted to divorce to marry Anne Boleyn, a mistress. The Pope didn't give him the permission this time, as the Church was allied with Spain..
Henry VIII broke with the Church of Rome in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy: he declared himself Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England. He wanted his Country to be independent from any other power.
He destroyed monasteries and took their wealth. Ireland remained a Catholic Country.
Anne Boleyn was executed . Henry VIII had four more wives: Jane Seymour gave him a child.
Edward VI died very young, but he replaced the old Latin with the English Book of Coomon Prayer.
Mary I was the only surviving daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine. She was Catholic, so she refused to abandon her religion and tried to restore England to papal obedience.
She is also remembered as Bloody Mary as she burned thousands pf Protestants.
Elizabeth I was Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's daughter. She restored the country back to Protestants, but granted Catholics freedom of warship.
She was very intlligent, could speak three languages and loved and inspired music,poetry and drama.
She wanted to be seen and to get to know her people, so she went on royal progresses all over the Country.
She consulted with the Parliament to get every of her decisions approved by it.
She didn't marry anyone in order not to submit England to any other Country, so she was called 'The Virgin Queen'.
Henry VII had created a very strong float., so she defeated Spain, her main trade enemy .