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Mao's consolidation of power (Terror and coercion (labour camps (25…
Mao's consolidation of power
One party state
1949 ten political parties, by 1952 only CCP
elections held at local level for NPC, in reality anyone critical of Mao had little chance of making a stand
power with Politburo (20 CCP members, chairman Mao) and NPC stamped its decisions
Democratic centralism, accepting ultimate authority of Mao
"Equality guaranteed before law", in reality happened only after Mao's death
The anti-movements
1951 "three-anti campaign"
waste, corruption, inefficiency
1952 extended to "five-anti campaigns"
industrial sabotage, tax evasion, bribery, fraud, theft of government property
reactionaries and counter-revolutionaries enemies of state
helped to control the middle-class which were the main supporters of Kuomintang
religion, traditions, jazz, books destroyed
The reunification campaigns
suppressed any national elements that could weaken the united China
PLA units invaded boarder regions
Tibetans Buddhists and Xinjiang Muslims
Terror and coercion
Class labels determine one's fate, passed to children (inherit)
house registration
Denunciation, official "watchers"
labour camps
25 million died in here due torture and hunger
10 million each year during Mao's rule
in remotest parts of China
"reform through labour"
total number killed kept as a secret, quiet executions
In 1950 CCP killed gangs and secret societies, 90 000 dead
Land reform
"Speak bitterness" campaigns and violence used to humiliate and punish landlords
landlord class wiped out
2-3 million landlords killed
land distributed to peasants
villagers locked into cooperatives which made it easy for collection the grain to state
Censorship and propaganda
most newspapers out of business
communist rallies, songs, and slogans advertised the success of the revolution
government officers, students, teachers, journalists were re-educated "thought reform"
CCP relied on self-censorship