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LIVING SYSTEMS (MILLER, 1973) (SYSTEM (Different meanings (Value of…

- - - - Heat
      - Radiant energy
      - Light
      - Chemical energy
- - - - matter-energy input lack
      - overload of matter-ener
      - restraint of the system
    - - information in- put lack or underload
      - information cut-off from injection of noice
      - in- formation input excess or overload
  - - - Positive / Negative
      - Speed / Accuracy
    - - Performance
      - Control
    - - hierarchy of values
        
        Purpose (but)
        
        Goal (objectif)
      - External goal
- - - - Symbols
      - Patterns
      - Messages
      - Signals
  - - - Less mass movement
      - Cheaper
      - Smaller
      - More rapidly
- - - - occupies physical space
    - - ability to do work
  - - - Heat
      - Water
      - Light
      - Minerals
      - Vitamins
      - Fuel
      - Raw materials
        
        Various kind
- - - - Words
      - Numbers
      - Symbols
    - - "Set of pairs of units"
  - - - Subsystems
      - Parts
      - Membres
      - Components
    - - Open
        
        Partially permeable
        
        Matter
        
        Energy
        
        Information
      - Close
        
        impermeable boundaries
    - - Living
        
        Plants & animals
        
        Characterisitcs
        
        DNA common to all life
        
        deoxyribonucleic acid
        
        Symbiotic relationships with other systems
        
        High degree of complexity
        
        largely composed of protoplasm
        
        Proteins
        
        inputs = food and fuels to restore
        
        A subsystem control the entire system
        
        Brain
        
        Open systems
        
        With purposes
        
        Dependant to their environment
      - Non-living
        
        Concrete system
    - - Temporal
      - Spacial
      - Spatiotemporal
      - Causal
  - - - Observer
        
        Interests
  - - - Abstracted
        
        Conceptual
      - Concrete
        
        Internal
- - - - Reproducer
      - Boundary
        
        Protect from environmental stresses
        
        Gatekeeper for matter, energy and information
    - - Ingestor
      - Distributor
      - Producer
      - Converter
      - Extrudor
      - Matter-energy storage
      - Motor
      - Supporter
    - - Internal transducer
      - Channel and net
      - Input transducer
      - Decoder
      - Associator
      - Memory
      - Decider
      - Encoder
      - Output transducer
- - - - characteristics
        
        Solid object can not pass through others
        
        Solid objects are subject to friction in the contact of others
        
        gravitational pull between objects
        
        Maximum speed of movement
        
        Matter & energy moving A-C through B
        
        same distance A-B / B-A
    - - Examples
        
        social class space
        
        Social distance between ethnics
        
        Political parties
      - Physical space = not a major determinant
      - Characteristics
        
        each is different