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Mortality Mortality (Age-specific mortality Age specific (Age-specific…
Mortality 
Age-specific mortality
Age-specific death rates (ASDR)- measures the incidence of death among members of the same cohorts (ASDR=D/P x 1,000)
Infant mortality rate (IMR)- covering the first year of life (IMR= D0-1/B x 1,000)
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Neonatal mortality rate (NMR)- focuses on the first 28 days of life (NMR= D1-28 Days/B x 1,000)
Fetal mortality- also known as "involuntary abortion" or "miscarriage," is death that occurs to a viable fetus whose period of gestation is understood to be twenty weeks or more
Morbidity
Measures of Morbidity
Prevalence- indicates the proportions of individuals in a population who have a specific disease at a particular point in time or during specified interval
Incidence - the number cases of a disease newly diagnosed during a specified period of time, usually one year
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Cause-specific rates- closely related to research on morbidity. Calculated by dividing the # of deaths in a category by a population base
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Epidemiological transition- centuries long, three-stage shift in the most common causes of death
Pandemic- an outbreak of a fatal disease that affects a very large proportion of a population (Black Death)
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Three leading causes of death in the U.S.- heart disease, lung cancer, and strokes
Robert Hoekelman & Barry Pless (1988)- four major trends that contributed to the bringing about mortality decline
Natural Increase- the component of population growth (or loss) resulting from the difference between the # of births and the # of deaths, symbolized as (B-D)