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state sponsored aggression in the 1930s (axis (Germany (., Hitler, before…
state sponsored aggression in the 1930s
allies
Great Britain
France
.
appease axis aggression in the beginning
France was politically divided at home and needed British support
Britain didn’t want to confront Hitler.
Thought Fascism was better than Soviet Communism
Great Depression hurt economies
Pacifism, opposition to all war (memories of World War I)
September 3, 1939 - Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany
USSR
a non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that enabled those two powers to divide-up Poland between them.
August, 1939: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
+United States
United States proclaims its neutrality and maintains isolationism in 1939.
++ China
.
axis
Japan
Sought to build a ¨Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere”and began in 1931 with invasion of Manchuria.
Ignored and withdrew from the League of Nations, continued to invade China
Italy
1935: Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia
Ethiopia was one of 3 remaining African independent nations
Had repelled Italian invasion in 1890s
Italian soldiers overwhelmed Ethiopians
Ethiopian emperor, Haile Selassie, appealed to the League of Nations; League did nothing
Britain allowed Italian troops and supplies pass through the British-controlled Suez Canal
By giving in to Mussolini, Britain hoped to avoid war
Germany
Hitler, before he even came to power, repudiated the Treaty of Versailles and would violate it and rebuild Germany into a great Third Reich.
After coming to power in 1933, he tested the waters by building up the military.
When Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936,it scared French and other surrounding nations, but the international community (namely, Britain) did not react.
When the Nazis remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936,it scared French and other surrounding nations, but the international community (namely, Britain) did not react.
1938: Germany ¨reunified¨ with Austria (Anschluss). Austria is annexed by Germany.
1938: Germany annexes the Sudetenland, and makes the argument they need lebensraum.
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Aggression, nationalism, racism, and glorification of war
The Munich Conference/ Munich Agreement: 29–30 September 1938:
Conference and settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.