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STRESS AND HEALTH (Health (General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): the three…
STRESS AND HEALTH
Health
Immune system: cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that respond to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries
Stress-Related Diseases
Diabetes: body either becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels (two types, Type 1 & Type 2)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): buildup of a waxy substance called plaque in the arteries of the heart
Cancer: collection of diseases that can affect any part of the body, in which cancer cells divide without stopping
Natural Killer (NK) Cells: immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells
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Factors
Cognitive Factors
Cognitive appraisal: how people think about a stressor determines, at least in part, how stressful that stressor will become
Richard Lazars: Cognitive psychologist that developed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions (aka cognitive appraisal approach
Primary appraisal: involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or challenge
Secondary appraisal: involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor
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Sociocultural Factors
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Job stress: stresses associated with the workplace that add to daily stressors, such as workload or long hours
Burnout: negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, leading to feelings of exhaustion
Acculturative stress: stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person's ways to the majority culture
Types of Stress
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Eustress: effective of positive events; optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being
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Coping
Strategies
Problem-focused coping: one tries to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce its impact through direct actions
Emotion-focused coping: one changes the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor
Factors
Social Support System: network of family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, and others who can offer support, comfort, or aid to a person in need
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Religion: a belief in a higher power can be a source of great comport in times of stress; religious organizations are a vital part of a person's social support system; rituals help people feel better