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Parkinson's Disease (Complications (Thinking difficulties (dementia),…
Parkinson's Disease
Pathophyisology
Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disorder exhibited by severe degeneration of the basal ganglia involved in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Nerve cells in the substantia nigra produce dopamine making it responsible for relaying messages that plan and control body movement. The presence of Lewy bodies (abnormal aggregations of proteins that develop inside nerve cells) and Lewy nutrients are also associated with this disorder. (a-synuclein are found within Lewy bodies)
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Treatments
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Therapy (speech, language, occupational, physical)
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Diagnostics
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A type of single-photon emission computerized tomography SPECT scan known as a Dopamine transporter (DAT) scan (detects dopamine function in the brain)
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Response to Parkinson's medication such as levodopa (typically get a positive response in the case of idiopathic Parkinson's)
Assessment Points
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Have you had any hallucinations? If so, how often?
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Do you ever feel lightheaded? If so, how often?
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Patient Education
Suggest exercise ("improve balance, flexibility, and strength. May also slow progression of the disease," (Fleisher & Tarsy, 2019))
Install safety precautions such as fall prevention (as Parkinson's progresses the chance of falling increases)
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The patient should try to attend speech therapy. ("A speech therapist can help overcome speech problems and evaluate and treat problems with swallowing," (Fleisher & Tarsy, 2019))