Protein Synthesis

TYPES OF RNA:

TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)- type of RNA that joins amino acids & ribosomes to form proteins.

MESSENGERS RNA (mRNA) - type of RNA which copies genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries to ribosomes in cytoplasm

RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA) - type of RNA that helps structure ribosomes and assemble proteins

KEY TERMS:

Universal code of 3 base codons that encodes the genetic material for the amino acid.

CODON - group of 3 nitrogen bases codons that encode for a word of the genetic code and stands for an amino acid, start or stop.

TRANSCRIPTION - process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA

RNA POLYMERASE - an enzyme that helps produce RNA during transcription

PROOMOTER SITE - region of a gene where a RNA polymerase joins to initiate transcription of gene

INTRONS - non- non-coding regions of mRNA that are re- placed by splicing

EXTRONS - coding regions

TRANSLATION - process in which genetic instructions in mRNA are "read" to synthesize a protein.

CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - doctrine that genetic instructions in DNA are copied by RNA which is then carried to ribosome used to synthesize protein

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - process in which cells makes proteins that include transcriptions of DNA and translation of mRNA

GENETIC CODE - universal code of three base codons that encode the genetic instructions for amino acids/ protein sequence.

TRANSCRIPTION:

Processing mRNAstrand can exit the nucleus need to be modified

MODIFICATION - splicing that removes introns from the pre-mRNA with spli-ceosomes. The finish mRNA then continues to translation.

TRANSLATION - after leaving nucleus the strand of mRNA moves into ribosomes.

includes 2 diff. mRNA and RNA

mRNA- used as guide tRNA- material workers, carries anticodon complementary to the codon on mRNA

When anticodon on tRNA joins to the mRNA codon, tRNA passes a amino acids ribosome keeps building protein until stop codon is reached

TRANSCRIPTION - process of making mRNA complementary to DNA template

  1. RNA polymerase binds to the end of the coding region called pomoter
  2. Elongation after unwinding, RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the new budding nRNA strand
  3. Termination - the completed pre- mRNA strand detaches from DNA strand.