Reproductive System- Luz Ramirez per.5
Major functions of the
Reproductive system
The organs of the male reproductive system are specialized for three primary functions: To produce, maintain, transport, and nourish sperm , and semen. To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract. To produce and secrete male sex hormones.
The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization.
Anatomy of male and female reproductive structures & their functions
The male reproductive system consists of two major parts: the testes, where sperm are produced, and the penis. The penis and urethra belong to both the urinary and reproductive systems in males. The testes are carried in an external pouch known as the scrotum, where they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature to facilitate sperm production.
The major internal organs of the female reproductive system include the vagina and uterus which act as the receptacle for semen and the ovaries, which produce the female's ova. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, while the fallopian tubes connect the uterus to the ovaries. In response to hormonal changes, one ovum, or egg or more in the case of multiple births is released and sent down the fallopian tube during ovulation. If not fertilized, this egg is eliminated during menstruation.
hormones of the reproductive system
Female
Male
Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH)- released by hypothalamus in brain to release LH and FSH.
Testosterone- stimulates reproduction organ develop and sex drive
Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH)- sperm production and maturation, and inhibition
Inhibin- released by the testes when high levels of testosterone are present to stop production go LH and FSH
Leutinizing hormones (LH)-stimulates stimulates seminiferous tubes to secrete testosterone
Leutinizing hormones (LH)-spike will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle
Inhibin- decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH)- development and maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Estrogen- primary female sex hormone released by follicle
Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH)- released by hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH.
Progesterone- suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
Events of the female hormonal cycles
The follicular phase starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. Prompted by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone. This hormone stimulates the ovary to produce around five to 20 follicles (tiny nodules or cysts), which bead on the surface
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary. This usually occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts.
Menstruation is the elimination of the thickened lining of the uterus from the body through the vagina. Menstrual fluid contains blood, cells from the lining of the uterus and mucus. The average length of a period is between three days and one week.
disorders of the
reproductive system
Genital herpes:It’s can be thought of as a skin infection of the mouth and/or genitals, and doesn’t usually have severe health consequences. The herpes virus stays in your body forever but doesn’t usually interfere with a woman’s ability to become pregnant.
HIV: HIV can be passed between a mother and child during labor, and later through breastfeeding.
Chlamydia and gonorrhea: Fifteen percent of all American women who are infertile can attribute it to tubal damage caused by pelvic inflammatory disease. PID is an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs.
HPV: HPV infection resulting in penile or anal cancers are rare