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Neurodevelopmental disorders (These disorders often co-occur for example…
Neurodevelopmental disorders
These disorders are a group of conditions that occur in the developmental period
These disorders usually occur early in development before the child even begins school.
They produce impairments of personal, social. academic and occupational functioning
[These impairments can vary from very specific limitations of learning.
Influence cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behaviour.
They may have vast impairments to language, social skills or intelligence.
The use of specifiers can enrich the individuals clinical course and symptamatology.
describes age
severity ratings
Factors that play a role in the etiology
These disorders often co-occur for example an individual with autism often have an intellectual disability.
for some disorders there is an excess representation of symptoms and show deficits and delays in expected developmental milestones.
For example: With Autism there is a deficit of social communication which is accompanied by excessive repetitive behaviours, restricted interests and constant need for sameness.
Intellectual disorders: deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning and learning from experience.
Leads to a failure to meet standards of personal independence and social responsibility.
Intellectual disability may result from an injury during a developmental period such as a head injury.
Global Developmental delay: fails to meet expected developmental milestones in intellectual functioning.
Diagnosis is used for individuals who are unable to do systematic assessments of intellectual functioning because they are too young.
Communication disorders include language disorder, speech sound disorder, pragmatic communication disorder, stuttering.
The first three disorders are characterized by deficits in the development and use of language, speech and social communication.
stuttering (Child onset fluency disorder is characterized by disturbances of fluency and motor production of speech
The Autism Spectrum disorder is characterized by specific deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts
restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour interests and activities
Because symptoms may change with development, historical information can be used however there needs to be significant impairment
With the diagnosis of Autism- specifiers are used.
These specifiers provide an opportunity to individualize the diagnosis and communicate a richer clinical description.
ADHD- impairing levels of inattention, disorganization and hyperactivity- impulsivity.
Overlaps with disorders that are called externalizing disorders such as defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
Persists into adulthood with social, academic and occupational functioning
Neurodevelopmental Motor disorder
The neurodevelopmental motor disorders include developmental coordination disor-
der, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.
Developmental coordination motor disorder is characterized by deficits in coordinated motor skills- presents clumsiness and slowness
Stereotypical movement disorder is diagnosed when an individual has repetitive, purposeless motor behaviours such as hand flapping, body rocking. These movements interfere with academic and social activities. Note if behaviours cause self injury.
Tic disorders are characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics which are sudden, rapid and recurrent.
The duration, epistemology and clinical presentation define the specific tic disorder that is diagnosed.
Tourette's disorder, persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional
tic disorder, other specified tic disorder, and unspecified tic disorder.
Tourette's disorder is diagnosed when the individual has multiple motor and vocal tics that have been present for more than a year.
Specific Learning disorder
deficits in the individuals ability to perceive or process information accurately and efficiently
manifests during formal schooling and is characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundation academic skills in reading, writing and math.
Academic skills are below average.
may be identified as intellectually gifted and may be present only when learning demands or assessment procedures are present