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3018 L11 Health assessment for physical injury (management (Muscle cramps…
3018 L11 Health assessment for physical injury
Health assessment
Past medical and surgical history
physical
Demographic characteristics
management
Epistaxis流鼻血
• Arrange the client in a sitting positon with the head lean forward slightly
• Encourage the client keep calm
• Remind the client to breath through the mouth, use the thumb and
index finger press against the soft tissue along nasal bone
• Apply cool complex at the forehead
• Release the collar or straight clothing in order to facilitate breathing
• Remind the client not to swallow the blood in order to prevent
suffocation of the air passage
• Press the nostril and soft tissue approaching the nasal bone for 10
minutes, repeat the compression for another 10 minutes if indicated.
• Transfer the client to AED for medical intervention if bleeding
persisted.
Mild skin abrasion 輕度擦傷處理
1.Put on the gloves, apply sterile gauze with pressure onto the wound area for few minutes until bleeding under control.
2.With the arrest of bleeding, use sterile water or disinfectant to clean the wound area.
3.Dry up the wound with sterile gauze. Keep the wound dry and clean. Apply water proof dressing for avoidance of the wound getting wet. Keep frequent exchange of dressing. Attend medical management for the signs and symptoms of wound infection e.g. red, swelling, hotness and discharge.
Muscle cramps 抽筋
Calf muscle cramps:
Strengthen the knee, carer gets hold of the foot and press against towards the knee
Thigh muscle cramps: Strengthen the feet, carer gets hold of the ankle by one hand with elevation of the foot, while another hand presses against the thigh and message the cramped muscle.
Heat stroke中暑
s/s
Headache, dizziness or confusion
Red coloured skin, hotness, dry skin without sweating
Increased body temperature , may up to 400C
strong pulsation
Seek timely medical assistance
2.Arrange the client rest in lying position with cool environment
3.Take off the outer coats
4.Apply wet and cold complex to reduce the body temperature
5.Apply fanning to cool down the temperature
6.Apply dry towel instead of wet towel once 380C body temperature attained. Check the temperature and pulse. Accompany the client until the arrival of emergency team.
Sprain ankle 足踝扭傷
• Rest in a comfort and well supported position
• Ice application. Apply cold complex to the affected area to relief pain and oedema
• Compress and support the sprained area with elastic bandage
• Elevate the affected area to promote venous return
Resuscitation
A: airway
B: breathing
C: circulation
自動體外心臟去顫器
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR(AED)
Spinal Injury
complication
Urinary incontinence
Loss of bowel control
Bed sores
Infections of the lungs and kidneys
Joint contractures, muscle wastage
Thrombosis and embolism
management
Extrication if imminent danger exists
Maintain patent airway
Stop bleeding by firm local pressure
Carry whole spine horizontally, avoid any twisting or angular motion
Splintage
Speedy transport to hospital
Safety promotion
Assess parent’s knowledge of injury prevention
strategies, and promote healthy and safe behaviours
• Begin by asking parents what safety hazards they are
aware of in the home environment
• Teach parents of the most common hazards at each
developmental stage and the preventive measures
• Provide brochures and other types of information about
recommendations
• Suggest patients to learn the infant CPR and
management of airway obstruction
Principles of Choosing Toys and Play Facilities