An elderly patient with stomach cancer had a feeding tube inserted into alimentary canal. Gall bladder was removed several years ago
what's being bypassed
chemicals not added to food
not able to occur
impact on diet
needs to be provided
background information
anatomy
physiology
anatomy of digestive tract
organs
of each organ
basic nutrients needed
enzymes responsible for digesting different nutrients
fall into two groups
alimentary canal (GI tract)
accessory digestive organs
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small and large intestine
anus
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
secretions
small intestine
stomach
colon
pharynx and esophagus
allows passage of food, fluids, and air
chief cell
enteroendocrine cell
parietal cell
secretes HCI
secretes pepsinogen
secretes hormones
and intrinsic factor
and paracrines
stomach
mouth
small intestine
large intestine
anus
gallbladder
teeth
tongue
allows feces and gas to exit the body
absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter
almost all digestion and absorption of nutrients and minerals from food takes place
chewing breaks the food into pieces while saliva mixes and begins breaking food down
secretes acid and enzymes that digest food
store and concentrate bile
aids in breaking down and grinding food
vital for chewing and swallowing food
can be grouped into 4 categories
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
digestion of carbohydrates
pancreatic amylase
brush border enzymes
digestion of proteins
begins in stomach when pepsinogen is converted to pepsin
brush border enzymes
nucleic acids
digestion of lipids
emulsification: triglycerides and their breakdown products are insoluble in water
digestion: pancreatic lipases break down fat into free fatty acids and monoglycerides
digestion of nucleic acids
pancreatic nucleases hydrolyze nucleic acid to nucleotide monomers
brush border enzymes break nucleotides down into free nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate ions
goblet cells
secrete mucus
enteroendocrine cells
source of enterogastrones
paneth cells
secrete antimicrobial agents
defensins
lysozome
goblet cells
secrete mucus
liquid formulas
beginning breakdown of food
specialized formulas with complete nutrients
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
pepsin
gastric juice
hydrochloric acid