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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (Ch7) (The Software Acquisition Process (Step 1 :…
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
(Ch7)
3 Key Topics
The impact of the Internet
:black_flag: Software as a Service
(Saas)
:black_flag:
:explode: features are treated as enhancements rather than core elements of the design
:explode: developed and delivered in an Internet-based framework
NET
WebSphere
:black_flag: Traditional Systems Development
:fire: influenced by compatibility issues
:fire: to run on local and wide-area company networks
:fire: utilize Internet links and resources
:warning: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
:tada: Web 2.0
will enhance interactive experiences including wikis and blogs, and social networking applications
:tada: Cloud Computing
bring the enormous computing power to the business and personal Internet users
Software outsourcing options
:black_flag: The Growth of Outsourcing
:fire: A firm that offers outsourcing solutions is called a service provider
Application of service provider :
Application Service Provider
(ASP)
Internet Business Services
(IBS)
managed hosting
:black_flag: Outsourcing Fees
:fire: A fixed fee model uses a set fee based on a specific level of service and user support
:fire: A subscription model has a variable fee based on the number of users or workstations that have access to the application
:fire: A usage model or transaction model charges a variable fee based on the volume of transactions or operations performed by the application
:black_flag: Outsourcing Issues and Concerns
should be outsourced if :
:red_flag: cost-attractive
:red_flag: reliable
:red_flag: business solution that fits the company's long term business strategy
can affect day-to-day company operations and can raise some concerns
:black_flag: Offshore Outsourcing
:fire: global outsourcing
:fire: to increasing the rate of work
:fire: domestic outsourcing : lower bottom-line costs
:fire: involves some unique risks and concerns
In-house software development alternatives
:black_flag: Make or Buy Decision
:fire: this package is obtained from a vendor or application service provider
:fire: company's IT department makes, builds and develops in-house software
:black_flag: Developing Software In-House
:fire: Satisfy unique business requirements
:fire: Minimize changes in business procedures and policies
:fire: Meet constraints of :
existing systems
existing technology
:fire: Develop internal resources and capabilities
:black_flag: Purchasing a Software Package
:fire: Lower costs
:fire: Less time to implement
:fire: Proven reliability and performance benchmarks
:fire: Less technical staff
:fire:Future upgrades provided by the vendor
:fire: Input from other companies
:black_flag: Customizing a Software Package
:fire: The vendors will customize to suit your needs
:fire: You can negotiate directly with the vendor
to make enhancements to meet your needs
:fire: You can purchase and make your own modifications
:black_flag: Creating User Applications
:fire: User application
:fire: User interface
:fire: Help desk or information center (IC)
:fire: Generators
Screen
Report
:fire: Read-only properties
Role of Systems Analyst
work as an evaluation and selection team
eliminate system alternatives that will not meet requirements
rank the system alternatives that are feasible
present the viable alternatives to management for a final decision
Analyzing Costs
Financial Analysis Tools
Payback Analysis
Return on Investment (ROI)
Net Present Value (NPV)
Cost - Benefits Analysis Checklist
:check: Development strategy being considered
:check: Identify all costs and benefits
:check: Be sure to indicate when costs will be incurred and benefits reliezed
:check: Consider future growth and the need for scalability
:check: Include support costs for hardware and software
:check: Analyze various software licensing options
:check: Apply the financial analysis tools to each alternative
:check: Study the results and prepare a report to management
The Software Acquisition Process
Step 1 :
Evaluate the Information System Requirements
:<3:Identify key features
:<3:Consider network and web-related issues
:<3: Estimate volume and future growth
:<3: Specify hardware, software or personnel constraints
:<3:Prepare a request for proposal or quotation
Step 2 :
Identify Potential Vendors or Outsourcing Options
:<3: Work with a consulting firm
:<3: The Internet bulletin board system that contains thousands of forums, called newsgroups
:<3: The Internet is a primary marketplace
Step 3 :
Evaluate the Alternatives
:<3: Existing users
:<3: Application testing
:<3: Benchmarking - benchmark
:<3: Match each package against RFP features and rank the choices
Step 4 :
Perform Cost-Benefit Analysis
:<3: Identify and calculate TCO for each option
:<3: When you purchase software, what are you buying is a software license
:red_flag: If you purchase a software package consider a supplemental maintenance agreement
Step 5 :
Prepare a Recommendation
:<3: Prepare a recommendation that evaluates
:<3: Describe the alternatives. together with the costs, benefits, advantages and disadvantages of each option
:<3:Submit a formal system requirements document
:<3: Deliver a presentation
Step 6 :
Implement the Solution
:<3: Implementation tasks will depends on the solution selected
:<3: Complete all implementation steps
including :
loading
configuring
testing the software
training users
converting data files to the new system's format
Completion of Systems Analysis Tasks
:explode: System Requirements Document
Contains the requirements for the new system
Describe the alternatives that were considered
Makes a specific recommendation to management
Like a contract
Format and organize it
To easy read and use
:explode: Presentation to Management
Summarize the primary viable alternatives
Explain why evaluation and selection team chose the recommended alternative
Allow time for discussion and for questions and answers
Obtain a final decision from management or agree on a timetable for the next step in the process
Depending on their decision, your next task as a systems analyst will be one of the following
Implement an outsourcing alternatives
Develop an in-house system
Purchase or customize a software package
Perform additional systems analysis work
Stop all further work
Preparing for Systems Design Tasks
To have an accurate and understandable system
Logical and Physical Design
Logical : The functions and features of the system and the relationships among its components
Physical : Design of an information system is a plan for the actual implementation of the system