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Neurological Congenital Conditions (Care plan (Neurosurgery, Orthopedics,…
Neurological Congenital Conditions
Microcephaly
Definition
Microcephaly is a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than normal,most often present at birth
Causes
Exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy
Methylmercury poisoning
Not enough vitamin and nutrients
Infection with cytomegalovirus ,varicellavirus and Zika virus
Untreated phenylketonuria
Clinical manifestations
Very small head
Trouble feeding
Seizures
Shaky movement of the arms and legs
Developmental delays
Intellectual disability
Diagnostic findings
Head circumference measurement
CT scan and MRI
Blood tests
Urine tests
Treatment
There's no specific treatment for the condition ,multidisciplinary team is important to assess and care for babies and children with this condition, family counselling is also important
Complications
Difficulties with coordination and balance
Dwarfism
Developmental delays, such as speech and movement
Facial disortions
Intellectual disabilities
Spina bifida
Definition
It is a condition present at birth where there are problems with the spine, spinal cord and the surrounding nerves
Causes
Genetic problems
Obesity or uncontrolled diabetes in the mother
Opening in the neural tube may be left exposed
Clinical Manifestations
No feeing below the place on the spine where the sac is
Not able to move his or her legs
Area on the back that looks abnormal, such as a small hairy patch
Constipation or incontinence
Lower level of intelligence
Diagnostic findings
Prenatal ultrasound
Amniocentesis
Blood test
Complications
Orthopedic complications
Bowel and bladder problems
Walking and mobility problems
Accumulation of fluid in the brain
Tethered spinal cord
Sleep-disordered breathing
Treatment
Bowel and bladder management
Spinal surgery
Walking and mobility aid
Spinal fusion
Care plan
Neurosurgery
Orthopedics
Neurology
Occupational therapy
Social workes
Physical and rehabilitation
Dietitians