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Environmental Disease (Biological Hazards (Bacteria, Viruses, Insects,…
Environmental Disease
Biological Hazards
Bacteria
Viruses
Insects
Parasites
Miasma Theory of Disease
Treatment : Bloodletting
Transmission : Publicwater
Germ Theory of Disease
Fungi
Viruses
Growth and reproduction of bacteria
Parasites
Better separation of drinking water supplies from sewage outlets
Tiled bathrooms instead of wood or carpet
Porcelain toilets that flush with clean water
Covering and refrigerating foods
Screens on windows to keep insects out
Sterilization
Antibiotics
Causes of Infectious Diseases
Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Multicellular
Multicellular parasite
Virus
Fungi
Prion
Protists
Eukaryotic
Mad Cow Disease
Disease Transmission
Airborne
Waterborne
Foodborne
Vector Borne
Mortality Rate
Emergent Disease
Can mutate to a new strain that people don't have immunity for
Can mutate and cross the species barrier
Are not easily treatable
Are smaller than cells and can quickly be spread through the air and water
Global Death Rate
Three strategies
Treating infected individuals with antimalarial drugs to kill the protozoan parasite
Draining wetland areas where mosquitoes breed
Applying massive amounts of pesticides to kill mosquitoes
Resistance
The target organism reproduces rapidly
The toxin is used too frequently
The target organism is genetically simple
Chemical Hazards
Toxic
Neurotoxin
Allergen
Teratoxin
Pathway Inhibitor
Carcinogen
Endocrine Hormone Disruptor
Mimic
Blocker
Mutagens
Risk assessment
Misunderstanding of statistics
Having a personal experience with a specific hazard or toxin
Rare events are sensationalized by the media and politicians
Fear of the unknown
Solubility
water-soluble toxin
oil-soluble toxin
Persistent
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Dose
Chronic exposure
Acute exposure
Toxicity