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Mutation (Key Terms (Somatic Mutation (Mutation that occurs in a somatic…
Mutation
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Types of Mutations
Somatic mutations are not as serious because they can only occur in one cell and its daughter cells. The mutation cannot be passed onto offspring
Germline mutations are serious because it can be passed onto the offspring of the organism. Only germline mutations can change offspring
Mutations affect the genetic material. The effect can be a chromosomal alteration, point mutation, or frameshift mutation
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Effects of Mutations
Neutral Mutations
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Silent point mutations are also neutral mutations because the amino acids in the protein do not change
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Harmful Mutations
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Cancer usually result from mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle, which allow cells with damaged DNA to continuously divide
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Causes of Mutations
Most mutations are accidental and happen randomly as the result of mistakes during DNA replication or transcription
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Frameshift mutations
can greatly affect protein synthesis. Since codons are groups of 3 nucleotides, adding/deleting a nucleotide shifts everything over and changes every codon afterwards, which completely changes the amino acids produced
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