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Chapter 20: Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, & Hornworts…
Chapter 20: Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, & Hornworts
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyte Generation
Morphology
gametophores
leafy stems
grow close together
apical meristem growth
thin
no stomata
Water Transport
innermost cortex cells -
hydroids
conduct water and minerals
leptoids
- like companion cells
most often
lacking hydroids/leptoids
capillary action
transports water
rhizoids
small, trichome-like, multicellular
penetrate substrate
no absorption
Development
spore germinates
chlorohyllous cell
mitosis
protonema
cells
apical growth
gametophores
Reproduction
#
gametophore
produces
gametangia
antheridia
sterile cells/sperm cells
microgametangia
archegonia
eggs
megagametangia
occur on same gametophore
antheridium breaks open and goes to sucrose from archegonia secretion
The Sporophyte Generation
never independent
gametophyte assists
sporangium
calyptra
capsule
peristome teeth
all mosses=homosporous
Metabolism & Ecology
can’t withstand dry
compensate
grow in moist habitats
tolerant of dessication
no root penetration
grow on impervious surfaces
no retainment of water
establishment of other species
improve microhabitat for seedlings
thrive everywhere
Class Bryopsida
atrichum
bryum
buxbaumia
dicranum
fissidens
funaria
grimmia
mnium
physcomitrium
polytrichum
Class Sphagnopsida
Sphagnum
Class Andreaeopsida
Andreaea
neuroloma
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
#
past all grouped together in Bryophyta
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
The Gametophyte Generation
leafy liverworts
thallose liverworts
air pores
sex
antheridia
sperm
archegonia
egg
The Sporophyte Generation
foot, seta , calyptra, sporangium
Class Hepatopsida
Order Marchantiales
Conocephalum
Marchantia
Reboulia
Riccia
ricciocarpus
Order Sphaerocarpales
Riella
Sphaerocarpos
Order Monocleales
Monoclea
Order Metzgeriales
Fossombronia
Pallavicinia
Pellia
Order Jungermanniales
Cephaloziella
Order Haplomitriales
Haplomitrium
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
no vascular tissue
multicellular sporangia & gametangia
reproductive cells surrounded by sterile cells
true parenchyma
apical meristem growth
#
have
cuticle
over body and usually have
stomata
small
NO SEEDS
Division Anthocerotophyta:
Hornworts
The Gametophyte Generation
gametophores
thin edges-thicker center
chlorophyllous lamellae
grow upward
The Sporophyte Generation
basal meristem
sporangium tissue
Class Anthocerotopsida
Order-Anthocerotales
Anthoceros
Dendroceros
Megaceros
Notothylos
Phaeoceros
small, thalloid plants
single layer chloroplast
sporophyte top
gametophyte bottom
connected to sex
bryophytes
alike
meristem growth
