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(key terms: (codon:group of 3 nitrogen base codons that encode for a word…
key terms:
codon:group of 3 nitrogen base codons that encode for a word of the genetic code and stands for an amino acid, start or stop.
transcription; process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA
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genetic code: universal code of three base codons that encode the genetic instructions for the amino acids sequence of proteins.
proomoter site: region of a gene where a RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of the gene.
protein synthesis:process in which cells make proteins that include transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA
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central dogma of molecular biology: Doctrine that genetic instructions in DNA are copied by RNA which then carries them to a ribosome where they are used to synthesize protein.
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transcription-
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Translation: after leaving the nucleus the strand of mRNA moves to a ribosome.
there translation involves two different mRNA (from transcription) and RNA.
mRNA can be used as a guide, while the tRNA are the workers with the materials. tRNA carries anticodon complementary to the codon on mRNA. Whenever the anticodon on tRNA binds to the codon on mRNA, tRNA gives up its amino acid. The ribosome continues to build protein until it reaches a stop codon.
transcription: process of making mRNA complementary to the DNA template.
1.RNA polymerase binds to the end of the coding region called pomoter.
2.elongation-after unwinding, RNA polymerase adds the complementary nucleotides to the new budding nRNA strand
- Termination- the completed pre-mRNA strand detaches from the DNA strand .
types of RNA
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messenger RNA(mRNA) type of RNA that copies genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries them to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
transfer RNA (tRNA): type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes to ribosomes where they are joined together to form proteins.
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